過度教育與失業期間−實驗與實證

Over-education and Unemployment Duration: Experiments and Empirical Analysis

許吉榮(Chi-Jung Hsu)

指導教授 ： 林彥伶

淡江大學/商學院/經濟學系碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00649

摘要

本論文探討過度教育對失業期間的影響。許多國家在高等教育快速的擴張下, 使勞動市場出現供需失衡而產生過度教育的現象。過去的文獻曾在過度教育比例、過度教育對薪資影響等方面有豐富的研究, 而本文將不同於以往文獻, 探討過度教育對薪資產生負面影響的真正原因, 即過度教育對失業期間的影響。我們採用標準差法認定過度教育, 利用行政院主計處「人力運用調查」2000年到2009年共10年的資料進行分析。實證模型為期間模型, 並考慮失業期間的設限特質進行迴歸估計。實證結果顯示, 高教育程度的過度教育者會有較長的失業期間, 相對的,我們亦發現低教育程度的不足教育者也有較長的失業期間, 這可能與高教育程度供給過多, 導致排擠低教育程度者的結果。

關鍵字

過度教育 ； 失業期間 ； 期間模型 ； 標準差法

並列摘要

Higher education can upgrade personal social status and income, while it may also lead to a waste of educational resources and human resources when amount of high-educated graduates cannot find an appropriate job immediately. This paper studies the impact of over-education on unemployment duration. “Standard Deviation Method” is used to identify an individual’s over-education. We adopt a duration model to analyze the effects of over-education on unemployment duration by utilizing the data of Taiwan’s Manpower Utilization Survey. Our empirical results show that higher-educated workers of over-education and lower-educated workers of under-education have longer unemployment duration relative to adequatelyeducated workers. In addition, the excessive supplies of over-education graduates
crowd out the employment opportunities of under-education graduates, resulting in longer unemployment duration for the under-educated graduates, so that the unemployment emerges a polarization phenomenon.

並列關鍵字

Over-education ； Unemployment Duration ； Duration Model ； Standard Deviation Method

參考文獻

蕭霖(2003), 「台灣工資函數與工資性別歧視的分量迴歸分析」, 教育政策論壇, 6:2,頁43-67。

楊佳茹(2010), 「台灣地區大學近期畢業生之過度教育研究」, 國立台灣大學農業經濟學研究所碩士論文。

Banerji, R. and J. Riedel (1980) “Industrial Employment Expansion Under Alternative Trade Strategies:Case of India and Taiwan:1950-1970,” The Journal of Economic Development, 7:4, PP.567-577.

Duncan, G. J. and S. Hoffman (1981) “The Incidence and Wage Effects of Overeducation,” Economics of Education Review, 1,PP.75-86.

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