電價制度對家戶影響之分析

Impact of electricity price system on households

周維卿(Wei-Ching Chou)

指導教授 ： 洪鳴丰

淡江大學/商管學院/產業經濟學系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.00567

摘要

本文探討不同電價制度對台灣家戶之影響，估計樣本為98年家庭收支資料共13729筆。首先，本文討論台灣現今的電價制度-遞增階梯訂價對家戶的影響，估計家戶的用電量、電費支出、電費支出占所得比例及消費者剩餘，並分析不同所得水準之家戶在此訂價法下的影響及差別。其次，由於台灣未來電價可能是市場決定之均衡價格，因此本文也將探討市場均衡訂價對家戶的影響，並與遞增階梯訂價法之結果加以比較。最後，本文探討當台灣電價制度加以實行浮動電價機制時，電價變動對家戶會如何影響，是否有更重的負擔或是其他改變。本文主要實證結果如下：
一、各等分家戶在遞增階梯訂價中的用電量均比市場均衡訂價下來得低。
二、除所得水準最低的家戶外，其他家戶在遞增階梯訂價下的夏月月均電費支出均比市場均衡訂價來得高。
三、所得水準最低的家戶在遞增階梯訂價下的電費支出占所得比例比市場均衡訂價低，可見貧者家戶在遞增階梯訂價下負擔比較小。
四、在市場均衡訂價下的消費者剩餘較高。
五、電價的上漲或是下跌對家戶用電量沒有明顯的改變，用電量的變動不大。

關鍵字

家戶用電量 ； 遞增階梯訂價 ； 浮動電價機制 ； 消費者剩餘 ； 市場均衡訂價

並列摘要

This thesis explores the impacts of different electricity price systems on Taiwan households. This analysis has been performed by using the Family Income and Expenditure data in Taiwan for 2009. First, I study the effect of estimates household electricity consumption, electricity expenditure, the share of electricity expenditure and the consumer surplus under the increasing-block pricing, and analysis of different income levels of households in this pricing method and differential impact. Second, the above effects are also explored under the market-equilibrium pricing. Final, Taiwan’s electricity pricing system will be floating, I study the affordability and demand changes in electricity. The main findings are as follows:
1.The electricity consumption of households under the increasing-block pricing is lower than that under the market-equilibrium pricing.
2.In the summer months, the electricity expenditure of households under the increasing-block pricing is higher than that under the market-equilibrium pricing.
3.For the poorest households, the burden in electricity expenditure is lower than that under increasing- block pricing.
4.Consumer surplus is higher under the market-equilibrium pricing.
5.On the household electricity consumption does not change significantly when electricity price changes.

並列關鍵字

Electricity price system ； Increasing ladder pricing ； Floating price system ； Taiwan electricity price ； Electricity price rise

參考文獻

8.馬雲亭，2013，「推行浮動電價機制政策之挑戰」，台灣經濟研究月刊，第36卷第12期，頁55~63。

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