P2P借貸平台設計：智能合約與信用查核機制

近年中國P2P借貸市場迅速成長，但也由於缺乏有效監管機制及行業標準，使平台經營品質參差不齊，同樣是P2P網路借貸業者，在營運模式及借貸風險管控上有很大的差異，而各種經營模式下也都各自存在著不同的風險。讓P2P借貸市場快速發展的同時，也充滿著許多挑戰。台灣金融密度高，消費金融市場競爭，貸款利率低，但銀行傳統的借貸資格要求並非所有客群都能滿足，無財力證明、無抵押品的客戶，較容易被銀行婉拒或是核貸較高的利率與較低的額度。迫使這些族群只好向其他民間組織尋求協助，透過民間互助會、高手續費的代辦公司，甚至地下錢莊等非正規的方式取得資金，這些管道雖然一定程度彌補了銀行貸款業務的不足，但也帶來了許多社會問題。本研究即是借鏡各國P2P借貸產業的發展概況，透過分析歸納現有P2P借貸平台，探討各經營模式的營運特色及暗藏風險進行比較分析。再藉由發放問卷方式蒐集國內民眾對P2P借貸平台的認知與偏好，進而提出最適合台灣借貸習慣的借貸流程與營運模式，最後透過專家訪談來驗證可行性。希望能為台灣P2P借貸產業提供不同的想法以利後續發展，使金融服務更普及，資金運用更有效率。

關鍵字

P2P借貸；區塊鏈；智能合約

並列摘要

During the past few years, P2P lending has grown rapidly in China. But lack of effective regulatory systems and standards, the quality of P2P lending platforms are uneven. There is a big difference in operating mode and lending risk management. While the P2P lending market is developing rapidly, it is also full of many challenges. In Taiwan, the financial market is high-density and competitive, the rates of loan interest is low. But the bank's traditional loan eligibility requirements are not met by all customers. Some customers without financial proof and pledge are more likely to be rejected by banks or be approbated with higher lending rate and lower amount. Forcing these groups to seek assistance from other ways, such as rotating savings and credit association, high-fee agency companies, and even underground banks. These organization have certainly compensated for the lack of bank loan business, but also brought Many problems. This study is example of the development of P2P lending industry in various countries. Through analysis and summarization of existing P2P lending platforms, this paper discusses the operational characteristics and hidden risks of each business model. Then, by questionnaire, we collected cognition and preference for P2P lending platform, and then proposed the lending process and operation mode that is most suitable for Taiwan's lending habits. Then verified the feasibility through expert interviews. Hope this study can provide different ideas for Taiwan's P2P lending industry to facilitate subsequent development, make financial services more popular, and use funds more efficiently.