台灣在國際和多邊組織的挑戰和機遇：以聯合國與世界貿易組織為例

The Challenges and Opportunities of Taiwan’s International Quest Case Studies of the UN and WTO

歐志妮(Jenness Opara)

指導教授 ： 鄭欽模博士

淡江大學/國際事務學院/臺灣與亞太研究全英語碩士學位學程/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2021.00355

摘要

台灣像一個主權國家一樣運作，但它被否認和缺乏適當的國際承認。雖然它試圖被納入多邊和國際組織，但在大多數方面都失敗了。它尋求更大的國際參與已成為一種普遍現象，也是當前的熱門話題和熱議話題。它曾面臨無數挑戰。
該研究旨在考察台灣對參與國際和多邊組織的追求。它識別並描述了台灣作為一個異常國家尋求國際參與的挑戰和機遇。聯合國作為案例研究，評估台灣在尋求國際參與時所面臨的挑戰，而世貿組織則作為案例研究，評估台灣參與國際的機會。
定性方法被用來探索可用的文獻，並從關於確定主題的不同論點中得出推論。為了回答首要問題，該研究提出了四個子問題。即： 1. 阻
礙台灣加入聯合國的潛在因素是什麼？ 2. 什麼因素使台灣能夠加入
世貿組織？ 3. 如何克服台灣面臨的挑戰？ 4. 台灣作為自治國家的未來生存是否取決於其是否被納入國際和多邊組織？
這項研究的結果表明，台灣目前的異常狀態對其尋求國際參與構成了相當大的挑戰，因此必須採取務實的步驟來最大限度地發揮其自治姿態。這項研究聲稱完全獨立和改變台灣的憲法作為糾正台灣在國際社會中命運多舛的地位的方法。分析了台灣的政治和國際困境，發現台灣人民通過自決原則有能力將台灣轉變為無可爭議的主權國家。

關鍵字

台灣 ； 聯合國 ； 世界貿易組織 ； 國際組織 ； 異常 ； 參與

並列摘要

Taiwan functions like a sovereign state but it is denied and devoid of proper international recognition. While it has attempted to be included in multilateral and international organizations, it has failed on most counts. Its quest for greater international participation has become a common phenomenon, and a current topical and hotly debated topic. It has faced countless challenges.
The research sought to examine Taiwan’s quest for participation in international and multilateral organizations. It identified and described the challenges and opportunities of Taiwan’s quest for international participation as an anomalous state. The United Nations was used as a case study to assess the challenges confronting Taiwan in its quest for international participation, while the WTO was used as a case study to assess the opportunities of Taiwan’s international participation.
Qualitative methods were used to probe the available literature and draw inferences from the different arguments on the determined topic. In an attempt to answer the overarching question, the study posed four sub questions. i.e.: 1. What are the underlying factors hindering Taiwan from joining the UN? 2. What factors enabled Taiwan’s membership in the WTO? 3. How can the challenges confronting Taiwan be overcome? 4. Does Taiwan’s future survival as a self- governing state depend on its inclusion in international and multilateral organizations?
The findings of this study revealed that Taiwan’s current anomalous status poses considerable challenges to its quest for international participation, and as such must take pragmatic steps to maximize it self-governing posture. This study purports complete independence and a change Taiwan’s constitution as ways to correct Taiwan’s ill-fated status within the international community. Having analyzed Taiwan’s political and international dilemma, it was found that the Taiwanese people through the principle of self-determination has the power to transform Taiwan into an undisputed sovereign state.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； United Nations ； World Trade Organization ； International Organization ； Anomalous ； Participation

參考文獻

Allison, Graham, T. “Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis.” The American Political Science Review, vol. 63, no. 3, 1969, pp. 689–718. JSTOR, www3.nccu.edu.tw/~lorenzo/Allison%20Conceptual%20Models.pdf.

Anderson, Kym. “World Trade Organization.” Britannica.Com, www.britannica.com/topic/World-Trade-Organization/Resolution-of-trade-disputes. Accessed 3 May 2021.

Barkin, David. “Globalization Love It or Leave It.” Latin American Perspectives, vol. 29, no. 6, 2002, pp. 132–35. SAGE, doi:10.1177/0094582X0202900615.

Barkin, J. Samuel. International Organizations: Theories and Institutions. 2 Ed., United States, Palgrave, Macmillan, 2013.

Bello, Judith Hippler. “The WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding: Less Is More.” American Journal of International Law, vol. 90, no. 3, 1996, pp. 416–18, doi:10.2307/2204065.