台灣製造業廠商研發活動決定因素之研究

The Determinants of Research and Development Activities in Taiwan Manufacturing Industry

劉乃禎(Nai-Jhen Liou)

指導教授 ： 胡名雯

淡江大學/商學院/產業經濟學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2009.00593

摘要

本研究主要目的為探討影響台灣製造業廠商研發活動之決定因素，並根據Schumpeter I（1934）和Schumpeter II（1942）的觀點，探討創業型經濟時代下的廠商研發行為。資料來源主要取自2004年出版的2001年工商普查原始資料檔，其次為2003年出版的工業部門抽樣報告。

研究方法上，本研究首先針對所有廠商樣本進行Tobit模型實證分析，將影響廠商研發行為的因素分為：廠商特性（廠商規模、廠商規模平方項、廠商年齡、營業毛利率、市場佔有率）、產業特性（產業集中度、產品差異化、產業外銷比例）、創業型經濟特性（產業研發支出、知識密集製造業虛擬變數、電子商務虛擬變數）。實證結果顯示，變數間的關係均與假說吻合，除了廠商規模平方項的結果為負向顯著，其他的影響因素皆獲得正向顯著的關係。

其次，本研究將焦點放在關於創業型經濟方面的議題，將知識密集製造業視為象徵創業型經濟部門的產業特徵，並且將所有廠商樣本分成創業與非創業型經濟部門之廠商。分群檢定的過程中，本研究根據獨立樣本t檢定和各變數敘述統計值的結果，發現兩種部門的廠商樣本有明顯的差異，並且在 Chow檢定的結果中進一步證實兩種部門並非來自於同一母體。

最後，本研究依據以上實證結果和檢定，發現由於在知識與非知識密集產業的分類中，屬於非知識密集（傳統）產業的廠商佔多數，整體製造業的廠商研發行為符合Schumpeter II（1942）的觀點，傾向由資源充沛的大型廠商進行研發；創業型經濟部門的廠商研發行為則符合Schumpeter I（1934）的論點，隱含台灣製造業已有部份廠商邁向創業型經濟時代，獨具創新思維和新技術的小型廠商握有研發主導的地位。在創業型經濟體系下，帶領傳統產業轉型、協助引進並運用新技術已成為重要的趨勢。

關鍵字

研發 ； 創新 ； Schumpeter I ； Schumpeter II ； 創業型經濟 ； 傳統產業轉型 ； 工商普查

並列摘要

Our objectives are to explore the determinants of R&D activities in Taiwan manufacturing industry and to investigate the R&D activities of firms during the entrepreneurial economic period based on the argument by Schumpeter I (1934) and Schumpeter II (1942). The data were drawn from the Statistics Department of the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 2001 and the Sample Survey for Industrial Sectors (Bilingual) published in 2003.

We first empirically investigated the determinants of R&D activities of all sample firms in Taiwan manufacturing industry using Tobit Model and then classified the determinants of R&D activities into three categories: firm (firm size, firm size square, firm age, gross profit margin, market share), industry (industrial concentration, product differentiation, share of industrial export) and entrepreneurial economic characteristics (industry R&D expenditure, knowledge intensive manufacturing industry, electronic commerce). We found that the empirical results of all the determinants were in line with our hypotheses. Except that the firm size square was negatively associated with the R&D intensity. Other determinants were all found positively related.

Secondly, we focused on issues related to entrepreneurial economy. The knowledge intensive manufacturing industry was regarded as the representative feature of the industry of the entrepreneurial economy. Then, we classified all sample firms into two categories: entrepreneurial- and non-entrepreneurial- economic sector. Within the group tests, the two sectors were shown significantly different by t test. The Chow test confirmed that the two sectors were not of the same population.

Finally, we found that due to the predominance of firms in the non-knowledge intensive manufacturing industry (traditional industry) rather than the knowledge intensive manufacturing industry, the R&D activities of all the Taiwan manufacturing firms were more compatible with the viewpoint by Schumpeter II (1942), who argued that the more resourceful firms would have more advantage in R&D in the markets. The entrepreneurial economic sector was in accordance with the argument by Schumpeter I (1934), implying that part of Taiwan manufacturing firms have moved toward an entrepreneurial economic era, in which small firms drive innovation and advanced technology. In conclusion, within the entrepreneurial economic system, leading the traditional industry to transformation and introducing advanced technology is crucial.

並列關鍵字

R&D ； Innovation ； Schumpeter I ； Schumpeter II ； Entrepreneurial economy ； Traditional industry change ； Census data

參考文獻

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