中國大陸高等教育機會公平性之研究

The Study Of Higher Educational Equal Opportunity In China

蔡炳南(Ping-Nan Tsai)

指導教授 ： 楊景堯

淡江大學/國際研究學院/中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2008.00574

摘要

中國大陸實施改革開放政策後，高等教育發展快速，隨著1999年大學擴招，毛入學率逐年上升，到2006年已達22％，符合大眾化的世界水準。中國大陸經濟發展促使人民對高等教育的需求，希望獲得更高與更好品質的教育機會。「高考」是進入大學的正式競爭工具，但受限於政府財力投入及地區的發展因素，造成高等教育機會的不公平。因此，本論文希望從高等教育制度、高考的制度，探究大陸高等教育機會的公平性。
本論文以文獻分析為主，廣泛搜集各種有關書籍、期刊、論文、政府檔、電子網站資料及報紙相關報導，以分析研究大陸的高等教育概況、高考制度、高等教育機會的公平性等問題。
透過本論文研究，瞭解大陸高考制度，是影響高等教育機會公平的重要因素，進而瞭解「中國大陸高等教育制度」與「高等教育機會公平性」的相互影響。
本論文主要研究心得結論如下：
一、「公平」，具有發展性而非一貫性；「公平」具有相對性，而非絕對性。
二、透過教育體制改革與高考制度改革，高等教育機會已逐漸消除不公平現象。
三、高校擴招提升高等教育入學機會，卻又產生新的不公平現象。
四、高考制度改革力度仍須再加強。
五、招生名額的分配與高考分數線各地區不公平現象，仍然各有不同看法。
本論文對研究的啟示：
一、「公平」是任何社會永恆的理想訴求，中國大陸高考制度的改革發展，更彰顯了高等教育公平因素的重要性。
二、高等教育的快速擴張，並未達到教育機會的公平期望。
三、現行的高考制度、教育制度利弊參半。
四、高等教育公費轉自費衝擊貧困學生的教育機會公平性。

關鍵字

高等教育 ； 教育機會 ； 教育公平 ； 高考制度 ； 擴招

並列摘要

After the Mainland China's reform and open-up policy, the higher education has developed rapidly. With the expanded recruitment of college students in 1999, the matriculation rate rises year by year. It was up to 22% in 2006,which reached the average standard of the world. Mainland China’s economic development urges its people to aspire to higher education and makes them eager to obtain the chances of better education. "The university entrance examination" was the official competition tool for an admission to the university. But that was estricted due to some factors such as the government fund investment and the local development. That caused the higher education opportunity to be unfair. Therefore, this study aims to explore the equity of Mainland China’s higher education opportunity by analyzing the higher education system and the university entrance examination system.
This study is mainly based on literature analysis and collections of various related materials, including related books, periodicals, essays, government documents, electronic website data and newspaper reports, Then this study tries to analyze the situation of Mainland China’s higher education, the college entrance examination system, and the higher education opportunity.
The conclusions of this study are as follows:
1."The fairness" is developing rather than consistency, "The fairness" is relative rather than absolute.
2.By means of the reforms in educational organization and those in the College Entrance Examination system, the unfair situations of higher education opportunities are increasingly eliminated.
3.The universities expanded to enroll new students, promoting the matriculation
opportunities, but actually produced the new unfair phenomenon.
4.The strength of reforms in university entrance examination system, should be improved.
5.There are still different viewpoints about the allotment of students quota and the unfair phenomenon of the acceptance score standard line in many areas.
The enlightenments of this study:
1."The fairness" is the ideal appeal of any society. The development of reforms in
the university entrance examination system in Mainland China shows the
importance of the fairness of the higher education.
2. The higher education extends quickly, but this hasn’t achieved peoples expectations toward the fairness of education opportunities.
3.The advantages of college entrance examination system and the higher education system seem to be the same as the disadvantages of them.
4. The transfer of public expense to private expense of higher education will have a great impact on the fairness of underprivileged students’ educational opportunities.

並列關鍵字

higher education ； education opportunity ； equity of education ； college entrance examination system ； enlargement of enrollment

參考文獻

69.楊景堯（2006），中國大陸高等教育研究。臺北：高等教育。

89.滕星、馬效義（2005）。中國高等教育的少數民族優惠政策與教育平等。民族研究，（5），12。

45.陳中原（2004），中國教育平等初探，瀋陽：遼寧教育。

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