參數化彎曲薄木板之形態找尋與數位構築

木材作為建築材料已有數千年的歷史，始終佔有舉足輕重的地位；木材在建築中被廣泛應用，其材料特性顯現出多樣的潛能，同時也是容易取得的材料，且具備輕量與可重複利用的特性，在環境與能源議題下，是以節能減碳為導向的永續建材。隨著科技進步所發展出的木材加工技術也日益精進，可以取代多種材料，透過不同的工藝與構造方式的設計，木材相較於其他材料亦可以達到同樣的展現。回歸到古代人類所發展的工藝，利用生活周遭的自然物編織成牆面、屋頂等建築元素，依循自然物本身的特性，組合成建築元素，這些組成或多或少都蘊含著結構與幾何的原理。本研究藉由了解材料的結構與特性，探究其潛在的可能性，結合參數化設計的方式，以探索木材料形變並呈現曲面的可能，使用容易取得的木夾板材進行設計與製造。在數位化的設計發展下，方便了曲面由設計到製造的過程之呈現。一般的木材在彎曲時，會產生許多的不確定性，藉由網格殼構造，在彎曲上探討其組構的因素。網格殼是一種編織而成的形態，不像水泥般是完全的實體表面，網格殼可彎曲、透光、透風，並藉由映射的光影在不同的時間與角度呈現出視覺上的變化。本研究基於材料本身的特性探索木材構築的織理性，建築的織理性與形態、構造、與空間皆有關聯。木材的編織是一種構造方式，在三維的空間中，不同編織的紋理與曲面上的呈現有著緊密的關係。關於編織紋理的設計，本研究主要以規律紋理的網格殼與不規則紋理的彈性網格殼來進行設計發展與構築討論。本研究在第三章與第四章中，以小、中、大不同的尺度進行設計；在第五章中討論了不同的紋理在彈性網格殼下所呈現的運動形態；最後藉由電腦輔助製造，完成展示亭之構築。藉由網格殼紋理的探討到透過參數化與三維軟體進行形態找尋與三維形態的模擬，實踐參數化設計的程序與空間設計之間的連動關係，以及思考不同形態於空間中的光影呈現。基於參數化的模型中的資訊進一步進行製造，實踐設計到製造的全數位過程，最後完成了不同尺度與形態之展示亭數位構築。工程技術與參數化軟件的發展下，建築的外形有了更多的可能性，能夠於設計中實踐多樣化的幾何與自由曲面。參數化的設計方式，建立起連結與調整設計與製造之間的管道，並且在設計過程中提升了可塑性與適應性。建築的適應性，在面對建築環境的議題上是個重要的目標，如何被重複利用，轉化空間的使用方式，並回應所面對的環境問題，提供了一種適應性設計操作與構築的可能性。

關鍵字

參數化設計；構築；織理性；形態找尋；網格殼

並列摘要

For thousands of years in history, wood has always held a crucial position as a building material. With its material characteristics and various potentials, wood is extensively used in buildings. Besides, it is also an easily gained material. Moreover, characterized by lightweight and reusability, it is a sustainable building material in favor of energy conservation and carbon reduction under the issues of environment and energy. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, wood processing technology is increasingly becoming sophisticated, which can replace a variety of materials, and can achieve the same performance in comparison with other materials through the design of different processes and construction methods. In ancient times, the craft developed by human beings weaved architectural elements (such as walls and roofs) with natural objects around their lives. Then, combined them into architectural elements based on the characteristics of natural objects. These components reflect the principles of structure and geometry. By understanding the structure and characteristics of materials, exploring their potential possibilities, and combining them with parametric design, this study explores the possibility that wood materials deform and present curved surfaces. In addition, designing and manufacturing with easily available wood panels. The development of digital design facilitates the presentation of the curved surface from design to manufacture. There are numerous uncertainties in the bending of wood. This study discusses the factors of its fabric in bending through the structure of grid shell. Grid shell is a woven form, unlike cement, which is a completely solid surface. The grid shell can bend, transmit light and wind, and present visual changes at different light and shadow in a day. The research concern the textile of wood based on the characteristics of the material. The textile of architecture is related to form, structure, and space. The weaving of wood is a method of construction, and the pattern of different weavings influence the appearance on the surface. As for the design of patterns, the research mainly discusses form-finding and construction with regular patterns Gridshell and irregular patterns elastic grid. The third and fourth chapters of the research, which has three different sizes of the design - small, medium and large base on the pattern as Gridshell. In chapter five, the planar to spatial movement with different patterns under the elastic grid shell are investigated, and with the computer-aided manufacturing to building a pavilion. Through the discussion of the grid patterns, form-finding and 3D modeling rely on parameterizing and 3D software, that is a practice of the parametric design process connected with the space design and the reflection of different forms with light and shadow in the space. Presenting the pavilions of different scales and forms through the digital process from design to manufacturing, based on the information in the parametric models. Due to the development of engineering technology and parametric software, there are more possibilities for the shape of buildings, and diversified geometries and free-form surfaces can be practiced in the design. The connection can be set up between design and manufacture by parameterized design, which enhances the plasticity and adaptability in the design process. The adaptability of architecture is a significant goal for the issues in the architectural environment. It offers a possibility of operation and construction of adaptive design for how to reuse, transform the use of space and respond to environmental issue.