老化狀態與主觀幸福感之關聯—以失志程度為中介變項

本研究旨在探討老化狀態（包含身體活動量、認知功能、憂鬱情緒）對主觀幸福感之預測中，失志程度的中介效果。本研究老化狀態採用老年人身體活動問卷、極早期失智症篩檢量表、簡易老人憂鬱量表三項量表評估，主觀幸福感藉中國人幸福感量表（極短版）測量，失志程度藉中文版失志量表測量。本研究之研究對象為本國籍年齡介於65歲至75歲者，透過紙本及網路調查進行滾雪球取樣，有效樣本共計318份。所得資料以描述性統計、t檢定、相關分析以及逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。本研究發現如下：一.老化狀態得以負向預測失志程度、情緒不安感、沮喪感、失敗感，而無法預測無意義感、無助感。二.身體活動量得以負向預測情緒不安感，而無法預測失志程度、無意義感、沮喪感、無助感、失敗感。三.認知功能得以正向預測無助感，而無法預測失志程度、無意義感、情緒不安感、沮喪感、失敗感。四.憂鬱情緒得以正向預測失志程度、無意義感、情緒不安感、沮喪感、無助感、失敗感。五.失志程度、無意義感、情緒不安感、沮喪感、失敗感得以負向預測主觀幸福感。六.無助感無法預測主觀幸福感。七.失志程度、情緒不安感、沮喪感、失敗感於老化狀態與主觀幸福感之間具有完全中介效果。八.無意義感、無助感於老化狀態與主觀幸福感之間不具有中介效果。九.失志程度、無意義感、情緒不安感、沮喪感、無助感、無意義感於憂鬱情緒與主觀幸福感之間具有部分中介效果。十.失志程度、無意義感、情緒不安感、沮喪感、無助感、無意義感於身體活動量、認知功能與主觀幸福感之間不具有中介效果。根據以上發現，本研究將進一步提供未來研究及心理衛生實務上之建議。

關鍵字

老化；失志；主觀幸福感；憂鬱

並列摘要

This study aimed to investigate whether demoralization mediate the relationship between aging ( including physical activity, cognitive funtion, and depression)and subjective well-being. This study uses “ Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)”, “Ascertain dementia 8 (AD8)”, “Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-SF)”, “Chinese Happiness Scale (very short version)”, and “Demoralization Scale Mandarin Version (DS-MV)” as research tools。 This study targets on people between 65 and 75 years old as participants. Participants were recruited by snowball sampling through paper and internet survey. The total number of valid samples was 318. The results showed that: 1.Aging negatively predicted the tendency of demoralization, dysphoria, disheartenment, sense of failure, but did not predict loss of meaning and helplessness. 2.Physical activity negatively predicted the tendency of dysphoria, but didn’t predict demoralization, loss of meaning, disheartenment, helplessness, and sense of failure. 3.Cognitive funtion positively predicted the tendency of helplessness, but didn’t predict demoralization, loss of meaning, dysphoria, disheartenment, and sense of failure. 4.Depression positively predicted the tendency of demoralization, loss of meaning, dysphoria, disheartenment, helplessness, and sense of failure. 5.Demoralization, loss of meaning, dysphoria, disheartenment, and sense of failure negatively predicted the tendency of subjective well-being. 6.Helplessness did not predict subjective well-being. 7.Demoralization, dysphoria, disheartenment, and sense of failure had full mediating effect between aging and subjective well-being. 8.Loss of meaning and helplessness did not have mediating effect between aging and subjective well-being. 9.Demoralization, loss of meaning, dysphoria, disheartenment, helplessness, and sense of failure had partial mediating effect between depression and subjective well-being. 10.Demoralization, loss of meaning, dysphoria, disheartenment, helplessness, and sense of failure did not have mediating effect between physical activity, cognitive funtion and subjective well-being. Based on the above-mentioned findings, this paper brought up some suggestions for mental health practice and research in the future.