從期刊文獻的引用分析學科領域的內涵與影響：以資訊科學為例

Citation Analysis of Journal Literature on Information Science

林秀惠(Shiow-Huey Lin)

指導教授 ： 蔡明月

淡江大學/文學院/資訊與圖書館學系碩士班/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2007.00646

摘要

本研究以JASIST、Information Processing and Management、Journal of Information Science及Journal of Documentation等四種最具代表性及影響力的資訊科學期刊，應用書目計量學與引用文獻分析之研究方法，分析資訊科學期刊文獻的引用與被引用情形，藉此暸解資訊科學之主題範疇與其研究趨勢。首先利用布萊德福定律，分析引用資訊科學期刊文獻之分佈現象，進一步界定引用資訊科學文獻之核心期刊。再者，利用Web of Science資料庫所提供的主題類別及LISA資料庫所提供的代表文獻之主題意義的敍述語欄位，進行統計分析，量化分析引用資訊科學的文獻及資訊科學被引用文獻之主題分佈情況，藉以深究文獻所涵蓋的主題意涵，進一步找出資訊科學領域之最常被引用的作者及文獻。引用文獻之研究樣本取自Web of Science資料庫，透過Science Citation Index Expanded、Social Sciences Citation Index與Arts & Humanities Citation Index等三個引用文獻索引資料庫，跨領域廣泛蒐集資訊科學被引用的期刊文獻，總計3,989筆有效的書目資料，進而經由被引用文獻蒐集引用文獻的樣本，總計32,310篇。本研究結果歸納如下：

一、32,310篇引用資訊科學的期刊文獻，分佈於1,458種期刊中，前七種期刊即能獲得超過半數的引用文獻，其中623種期刊僅有一篇與資訊科學相關之引用文獻。根據布萊德福分區法及布萊德福-齊夫圖解定律的分析，得知資訊科學引用文獻不太符合布萊德福定律，少數期刊佔總體文獻相當大的比例，亦即資訊科學引用文獻的分佈具有分散的特性。

二、JASIST、Information Processing and Management、Journal of Documentation、Scientometrics、Annual Review of Information Science and Technology、Proceedings of the ASIST Annual Meeting及Journal of Information Science等七種期刊為資訊科學領域的核心期刊，其中本研究的樣本期刊即占了四種。核心期刊主要為資訊科學與圖書館領域的期刊，可以看出資訊科學引用大量自我領域的文獻，與別的學科文獻交流不足且不活躍。

三、引用資訊科學的文獻分屬於61種學科，以科學類居多、社會科學類次之，藝術及人文類引用資訊科學文獻最少。資訊科學引用文獻之學科領域影響廣泛，其中以「電腦科學」及「資訊科學與圖書館學」引用居多。

四、資訊科學被引用之核心主題偏重於探討資訊儲存與檢索之相關議題，再者，有關於學術傳播與引用模式及架構方面的研究，亦為資訊科學之重要研究領域。此外，網路發展與應用也是一重要的研究趨勢。

五、四種資訊科學期刊中，JASIST被引用的主題範圍較為廣泛，且其主題排名順序大致依循著資訊科學之主要主題排名。Information Processing and Management被引用的文獻則偏向於資訊儲存與檢索。Journal of Documentation被引用文獻主題著重於模組及技術服務。Journal of Information Science則因樣本數過少，分析結果不顯著。

六、資訊科學高被引用文獻以資訊儲存與檢索、科技與專業傳播及資訊需求與尋求為主，其中以資訊儲存與檢索相關的文章最多。資訊科學被引用第一名的文獻是Deerwester所著的Indexing by latent semantic analysis，被引用次數高達531次，Saracevic則是高被引用篇數最多的作者。

七、本研究中界定高被引用作者共計25位，高被引用作者主要是在大學服務，以任職於圖書館學相關科系居多，研究專長多以資訊檢索及資訊計量學為主，這些作者可以說是資訊科學界的核心領導作者。

關鍵字

資訊科學 ； 引用文獻 ； 被引用文獻 ； 引用文獻分析 ； 書目計量學 ； 布萊德福定律

並列摘要

This study, using the research approaches of bibliometric technical and citation analysis to take a closer look at the four leading information science journals, JASIST, Information Processing and Management, Journal of Information Science and Journal of Documentation, gives an analysis on the citing and cited literature of information science and probes into states and development trends in information science.
First of all, I would apply the Bradford’s Law to identify the core journals of information science. Then, I would search the subject categories of Web of Science and the descriptors of LISA to quantitatively analyze the citing literature. Moreover, the most cited articles and authors would be found out from cited literature. This literature selection is collected from the Web of Science, amounting to 3,989 cited literature and 32,310 citing literature from 1965-2006 for citation analysis.

This study reveals the following results:

1.32,310 articles citing the literature of information science journals, distribute over 1,458 journals, the first seven listed of them receive more than half of citing literature, in which 623 journals have only one citing literature related to information science. According to Bradford’s Law and Bradford—Zipf’s law, we know that citing literature of information science is not in accordance with Bradford’s Law. The characteristic that a few of journals occupy in a large portion of overall literature, shows that the distribution of citing literature of information science is scattering.

2.JASIST, Information Processing and Management, Journal of Documentation, Scientometrics, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Proceedings of the ASIST Annual Meeting and Journal of Information Science are the core journals of the information science, and four of them are selected as this study samples. The core journals are the main ones in the information science and library science field. We can see that information science cites a large number of literatures in its own field, and the exchange situation with other literature of subjects is insufficient and inactive.

3.There are 61 categories of subject which cite the literature of information science; the first citing one is science, the following is social science, and arts and humanities science are the least ones. The influence of the science field of citing literature in information sciences is comprehensive, the most citing literature in the former subjects are ‘computer science’ and ‘information science and library science’.

4.The cited core topic of the information sciences emphasizes the research of information storage and retrieval related issues. Moreover, the research concerning the scholarly communication and citation, is also a significant domain of information science. In addition, the development and the application of internet is a critical research tendency as well.

5.Among the four information science journals, JASIST has more general subject cited, and the order of subjects approximately follow that of the main subjects of information science. The cited literature of Information Processing and Management tends to information storage and retrieval. The cited literature of Journal of Documentation stresses models and technical services. Due to the insufficiency of the sample, the result of the analysis of Journal of Information Science is not remarkable.

6.The highly cited literature of information science largely includes information storage and retrieval, scholarly communication and citation, and information needs and seek, the related articles of information storage and retrieval are particularly the most. The most cited literature of information sciences is ‘Indexing by latent semantic analysis’ written by Deerwester for 531 times; the number of the articles written by Saracevic are the most cited.

7.The highly cited authors, who mainly serve in the college and most of whom hold the post in the related library science departments, defined in this study amount to 25. Most of them specialize in information retrieval and informetrics. We could say that these authors are core players in the information science.

並列關鍵字

Information Science ； Citing Literature ； Cited Literature ； Bibliometrics ； Citation Analysis ； Bradford's Law

參考文獻

American Society for Information Science & Technology, “Annual Review of Information Science and Technology,” http://www.asis.org/Publications/ARIST/statement.php (accessed June 7, 2007).

Bates, Marcia J., “A Tour of Information Science Through the Pages of JASIS,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50(11):975-993,1999.

Bonneviev, Ellen, “A Multifaceted Portrait of a Library and Information Science Journal : the Case of the Journal of Information Science,” Journal of Information Science 29 (1):11-23,2003.

Bradford, S.C., “Sources of Information on Specific Subjects,” Engineering (137):85-86,1934.

Brookes, B.C., “The Derivation and Application of the Bradford-Zipf Distribution,” Journal of Documentation 24(4):247-265,1968.