由科舉取士的實踐論知識分子理想的尚古傾向

The Primitivism of Intellectuals' Ideals on the Practice of the Imperial Examination

卓莆航(Fu-Hang Cho)

指導教授 ： 周彥文

淡江大學/文學院/中國文學學系碩士班/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2021.00561

摘要

科舉作為最早以測驗選官的政府制度，其形成雖源於政治運作的人才需求，卻因社會對於知識份子的理想與施行實際所需，而揉合儒家經典與文學理想的追求，「古」作為此二者最核心的理念，具有舉足輕重的地位。此外該制度不但關乎中國古代知識分子的培育，型塑其認知的框架，知識分子的身份還會由制度的參與者轉換為制定者、評量者，因此不僅制度施行存在內部的動態關係，其所呈現之現象與因而產生的看法具備連續性，可以勾勒出時代間發展之趨勢。
本論文分為五個章節來理解其發展脈絡：
首先，陳述研究動機、範圍、前人研究之成果，說明對命題的基本論點。
第一個部分，透過制度的形成界定科舉發展之基礎，由過程中知識分子所提出的觀點區分其思想傾向與現實影響。
第二個部分，回顧科舉所使用之文體所重視的審美理想，從其所追求的特質與格式上的限制理解其發展。
第三個部分，檢視測驗標準化過程中制度與思想不同的追求方向，藉由「古」的概念得到統一，卻也因各自殊異而持續改變。
最後，歸納本論文的重點並總結成果，自述論文之侷限與可能的發展方向。

關鍵字

科舉文體 ； 審美理想 ； 尚古

並列摘要

The imperial examinations, the earliest governmental system to select officials by test, was formed out of the demand for talents in political operation, but the pursuit of Confucian classics and literary ideals was combined with the practical needs of society for the ideals and implementation of intellectuals. In addition, the system is not only concerned with the cultivation of ancient Chinese intellectuals and the shaping of their cognitive framework, but the identity of intellectuals also changes from being participants in the system to being framers and evaluators.
This thesis is divided into five chapters to understand its developmental context.
First, the motivation, scope, and results of previous research are presented, and the basic arguments for the proposition are explained.
The first part defines the basis of the development of the imperial examinations through the formation of the system, and distinguishes its ideological orientation and practical implications from the views put forward by intellectuals during the process.
In the second part, the aesthetic ideals of the literary style used in the imperial examinations are reviewed, and their development is understood in terms of the qualities and formal constraints they pursued.
The third section examines the different directions of institutional and ideological pursuits in the process of standardization of the test, unified by the concept of "antiquity" but also continuously changing due to their differences.
Finally, we summarize the main points of this thesis and conclude the results, describing the limitations of the thesis and possible directions of development.

並列關鍵字

The style of the imperial examinations ； The ideal of aesthetics ； Revere the ancient

參考文獻

一、史料　（按出版年排序）

1. 馬端臨，《文獻通考》，臺北，新興書局，1963年。

2. 脫脫等，《遼史》，臺北，鼎文書局，1975年。

3. 脫脫等，《金史》，臺北，鼎文書局，1976年。

4. 班固，《漢書》，臺北，鼎文書局，1979年。