日據時期台灣節令之食俗研究

The research of traditional festivals and dietary culture during Japanese Colonial Taiwan

莊欣華(Hsin-Hua Chuang)

指導教授 ： 吳哲夫 ； 周宗賢

淡江大學/文學院/中國文學系碩士班/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2005.00561

摘要

本論文的主要思考主軸有二，一是利用罕用文獻為研究文本；二為研究須貼近庶民生活，依此理念而延伸出本碩士論文。日據時期為台灣歷史上的一段非常時期，日人為治理台灣而進行的一連串舊慣調查，成為今日欲研究早期台灣風情的最佳材料；而節令風俗貼近吾人生活，飲食又為其中不可或缺的一環，筆者希望藉由日據時期台灣節令食俗的研究，能夠更了解台灣早期社會的風貌，了解今日吾人風俗的前有所承，讓身為繼承者與開創者的我們，對過去與未來的台灣風俗，有更深一層的認知與體會。

論文第一章緒論說明研究動機、限制，以及論文欲解決的問題，同時對既有的研究成果作一統整說明，進一步開展出此篇論文的研究價值及發展性。第二章說明中國傳統節日的概念與淵源，先由外緣切入，由農業、天文曆法，以及中國人的信仰崇拜與人文化成談起，再論及到中國傳統節日所具備的特徵，希望藉由此章的闡述，讓讀者對中國傳統節日的起源有所釐清。第三章亦承上而下，概略地描述中國傳統節日的起源與相關風俗，同時略加說明此節日的台俗為何；第四章為日人在台調查研究，以成立於1900年的「台灣慣習研究會」所彙整之《舊慣調查記事》、鈴木清一郎所著《台灣舊慣冠婚葬祭と年中行事》、以及以「風俗習慣的研究與介紹」為刊物旨趣的《民俗台灣》為主要文獻，藉由此三部書的整理，了解日人編纂的動機與目的，同時歸納出其中節令食俗的部分，再與各方志書對照，呈現出台灣地區節令食俗的部分，尤其強調食材的作法及特殊意義，此為第五章的部分。第六章則分別就原籍地移民風俗的濫殤、飲食有節、藥膳與食療、中國人祈求吉慶的心態，以及皇民化運動的影響等方面，討論台灣地區節令食俗的特色。而第七章結論，說明研究成果、議題的開展與限制，以及未來展望，總結此篇論文。

關鍵字

日據時期 ； 節令文化 ； 飲食風俗 ； 舊慣調查記事 ； 台灣舊慣冠婚葬祭と年中行事 ； 民俗台灣 ； 崇拜

並列摘要

This dissertation concerns on two main issue, one is to use some rarely documents as the research text; another is to close to the common people for the research. Due to these ideas here comes the dissertation. Japanese colonization period is a very special time about the history of Taiwan. The Japanese had researched
the old customs of Taiwan in order to govern the island. Those custom researches have become the best documents for today’s research. Climate and other natural phenomena of a season and customs is very close to our life, among them eating is one the most important. The writer hopes to know more about the earlier society of Taiwan through researching climate and other natural phenomena of a season and customs during Japanese colonization period. Let us who live in modern Taiwan know more about those customs whether past or future.
　　The first part of the dissertation explained the motivation, restriction, and the problem that the dissertation trying to solve. Also it explains the result of this research, and helps to find the value of this research. The second part is talking about the idea of traditional Chinese festival and where they are all about; from the outside to inside, from the agriculture, astronomy, calendar, and the faith of Chinese people, then to the characteristic of traditional Chinese festival. Through this part, the author would like to make the reader much clear about the origin of traditional Chinese festival. The third part continued with the second, described the origin of traditional Chinese festival. The fourth part is depending on three references, the Old spoil to investigate the summary record edited by the organization of The Taiwanese old trick studies the meeting, The old customary practice and proceedings on wedding & funeral in Taiwan by kiyoichiro Suzuki, and Customs of Taiwan a magazine that introduce and research about traditional Taiwanese culture. According to these three references, we can understand why the Japanese wanted to edit it and what’s their purpose of it, also generalizing the part of the festival and traditional eating habits, especially focus on the food-making and what’s the meaning of them, this is the fifth part.
The sixth parts is discussing about the source of customs through some different sides, the eating habits for different seasons, medicine and food curing, the motivation of why Chinese pray for auspicious and the effect of educating Taiwanese transferring themselves to Japanese. The last part, the seventh is concluding with the result of this research and how to start an issue and its restrictions and the expectation of the future.

並列關鍵字

The Japanese colonizing period ； the Old spoil to investigate the summary record ； The culture of festival ； The customs of eating habits ； The old customary practice and proceedings on wedding & funeral in Taiwan ； Customs of Taiwan ； Admire

參考文獻

王利華：《中古華北飲食文化的變遷》（北京：中國社會科學出版社，2000年11月）

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