- 學位論文
海運公司定期航線生產力與效率分析：共同邊界資料包絡分析法之應用
The Productivity and Efficiency Analysis in a Liner Shipping Company: Application of Meta-Frontier Data Envelopment Analysis
摘要
本文以國內具代表性的貨櫃航運業個案海運公司內部各定期航線之微觀資料，針對個案公司歐洲、美洲、亞洲及大西洋等21條定期航線，2003至2007年的季資料進行估計。主要實證結果如下，首先，變動規模報酬下之去回程航線個別群組技術效率、共同邊界技術效率及技術缺口比率等，去程航線均顯著大於回程航線。其次，在固定規模報酬假設下之個別群組技術效率、共同邊界技術效率及技術缺口比率亦均顯著大於回程航線。此甚符合台灣係以出口導向而發展經濟的情況，因為世界各大洲內各國回程的載貨量通常不穩定或接單不足，此亦為貨櫃航運業公司極需解決的營運困境，故此航線回程效能的提昇應是個案公司必須改善之重點。 另外，在去回程航線的共同邊界生產力變動方面，首先，去程航線共同邊界生產力變動平均值與回程航線共同邊界生產力變動平均值不具顯著差異，其生產力變動及技術缺口比率變動率兩個組成要素亦未具顯著差異。其中，在去回程生產力變動之組成要素變動的檢定結果方面，去程固定規模報酬技術效率變動與固定規模報酬技術變動均未顯著且小於回程，至於進一步拆解固定規模報酬技術效率變動成為變動規模報酬技術效率變動及規模變動並加以檢定時，去回程變動規模報酬技術效率變動與規模變動均無顯著差異。綜言之，相對於過去以整體貨櫃航運產業為分析對象之文獻，本研究改以個案公司內部航線微觀層次資料進行分析，並將課題延伸至生產力變動及效率追趕的實證，或較能提供更具體資訊予企業的管理階層，做為擬訂經營決策之依據。
並列摘要
Focus on case study company’s Europe, America, Asia, and Atlantic…etc 21 liner shipping route, its study estimates and analyzes domestic representative container shipping company by using microscopic data in season from 2003 to 2007.Summarizingthe empirical study, the conclusions are as follow：At first, under the study of variable return to scale, the individual group technical efficiency, meta-frontier technical efficiency and technology gap ratio…etc, the corresponding results of outbound are significant larger than that of inbound. Secondly, under the hypotheses of constant return to scale, the individual group technical efficiency, meta-frontier technical efficiency and technology gap ratio of outbound are also significant larger than that of inbound, which match the practical situation of export-oriented economy development in Taiwan. Due to unstable inbound loading and insufficient orders from all continents, there are operational difficulties that container shipping companies need to solve immediately. Hence, enhancing the efficiency of inbound route should be the main issue for case company to improve. In addition, regard to the meta-frontier productivity change of outbound and inbound, the corresponding average values of outbound and inbound show not significant variance, also the two component elements, productivity change and technology gap ratio change, are not significant variance. Regard to the examined results of inbound and outbound productivity changes, the constant return to scale technical efficiency change and constant return to scale technical change of outbound are not significant variance than that of inbound. Take one step ahead to examine and recompose the constant return to scale technical efficiency change into variable return to scale technical efficiency change and scale change, the corresponding values of outbound and inbound mentioned above are not significant variance . In sum, compared with past papers which focus on overall container shipping industry, this study analyze cases of liner shipping company by using level of inner microscopic data, also extend the subjects to the empirical study of productivity change and efficiency catch-up. Therefore, it may offer more practical information to management levels as reference in decision-making.