城市發展與大學互動關係之研究:以波士頓為例

Interaction between city and university: A case study on Boston

胡毓庭(Yu-Ting Hu)

指導教授 ： 紀舜傑

淡江大學/國際研究學院/美洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2016.00788

摘要

以大學與城市的互動關係而論，大學的教育除了培訓勞動力以及執行應用科技的研究成果，並且保持和提高美國在全球的競爭力，滿足社會發展的需求；第二，擴大就學的管道，提高就學的效益，一方面是完成美國民主教育的理想，另一方面則也是緩和社會中的種族矛盾；相對而論，城市是擁有經濟實力的中心區，因為經濟發展最初都是集中在一個或幾個有潛在發展實力的區域。所以，大學是城市的基礎配備，也能夠為該市聚集高附加價值以及人才所帶來的利潤。
因此，大學教育的高度發展也能助於社會的經濟發展，漸進帶動城市經濟發展活絡性。然而，以本研究文章中，波士頓除了城市的發展與大學具有高度相關性，也提供了產學合作的機會；自1950年代起，波士頓內的麻省理工(MIT)與哈佛大學(Harvard University)培育出不少理工以及科技業的菁英，波士頓隨著該區大學的學術研究發展成果，漸漸地轉向生技醫療產業，也因為《拜杜法案》的誕生，促使波士頓與該區大學之間的產學合作發揮到最大效益。確實，波士頓的大學是影響該市和整個區域經濟的主要因素；大學不僅是他們主要的資源也是將高技術產吸引到波士頓以及附近地區的主要原因。
除了經濟上的影響以及產業之間的雙贏互利，波士頓因為大學城市的發展，人才帶動經濟，使得總體城市的經濟發展邁向卓越，也證明大學與城市發展的互動關係。

關鍵字

大學教育 ； 波士頓 ； 《拜杜法案》 ； 產學合作 ； 千禧年製藥公司

並列摘要

From the perspective of the interaction between Universities and the cities. First, the education of university provides the training of labor force and the implementation of scientific and technological research results maintain and enhance the U.S. competitiveness and the social development. Second, in order to complete the ideal of American democracy education, it expands the ways to enter the University and improves a great effect, and détentes social contradictions of race, too. As a result, the city is based on the university, and bring it the high values and the profits of talent.
Therefore, the high development of university education can contribute to economic of society, driving the active of urban economic development progressively. According to the study article, the development of the Boston city not only is highly related to the university, but also provides an opportunity for academia-industry cooperation. Since 1950, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University in Boston had trained many polytechnic and technology industry elite. Along with academic research and development achievements of the universities in the Boston city, the city turns to biotechnical and medical industry gradually, and also because the "Bayh-Dole Act" was born, it promotes the academia-industry cooperation to maximum effect between the Boston city and the universities in the Boston city. Indeed, the universities in Boston are the major factor that impacts the economics of the city.
Thus, university is not only their main resource, but also the main reason why they attract high-technology industry to the Boston city and surrounding areas. In addition to win-win cooperation and effect of economic, the overall economic development of the Boston city towards excellence because the development of the city's university and talent has driven economy. As a result, the interaction between the university and urban development has been proven.

並列關鍵字

The Education of University ； Boston ； Bayh-Dole Act ； Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc ； Industry-University Cooperative Research Project

參考文獻

Huntington, Samuel P( 1997)。黃裕美譯，1997，《文明衝突與世界秩序的重建》，台

Baltzell, E., Digby. 1996. Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia. Chicago, Illinois: Transaction Publishers.

Bloom, B.S. 1971. Handbook on Formative and Summative Evaluation of Student Learning. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Bok, Derek .2015. Higher Education in America. Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press.

Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Statistics of U.S. Department of Education, 1998. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/ (2016/5/14)