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  • 學位論文

論台灣工作機會跨產業與跨職業重配置對失業的意義

On the effect of inter-industry and inter-occupation job reallocation to unemployment in Taiwan

指導教授 : 林亦珍

摘要


本文探究台灣產業間與職業間的部門轉移是否與失業率存在關聯性。台灣過去由農業社會轉向工業社會,再進而發展成以服務業為大宗的知識、資本密集的產業結構,在部門之間劃分的愈來愈精細後,勞動力在部門間的移轉也將愈發頻繁。然而,根據台灣的資料,我們發現部門轉移程度隨著時間而趨緩,失業率則日漸攀升。我們先對變數進行ADF單根檢定,並透過自我迴歸分配遞延模型(ARDL)觀察失業率與部門轉移、消費者物價指數、工業物價指數等總經變數之間的共整合關係以及誤差修正情形。結果顯示,部門轉移指數對多數群體的失業率不具有顯著異於零的影響,而僅有共五種不同教育程度與性別的群體在特定時期受到部門轉移的影響。在產業別四個時期與職業別兩個時期中,產業部門移轉對1999年至2006年的全國女性失業率、高職教育程度的女性失業率具有顯著異於零的負向影響,並且產業部門移轉對2012年至2018年的專科教育程度不分性別的失業率、國中教育程度的男性失業率,以及職業部門移轉對2001年至2018年國中教育程度不分性別的失業率具有顯著異於零的正向影響。

並列摘要


This paper tests the existence of a long-run level relationship between unemployment rate and inter-industry and inter-occupation sectoral shifts. In the past decades, Taiwan transformed from an agricultural society to an industrial society, and then developed into a knowledge-intensive and capital-intensive industrial structure dominated by the service industry. However, based on monthly data over the period 1982m1-2018m6, we find that while the unemployment rate rose substantially, the extent of sectoral shifts, as measured by the standard deviation of the sectoral growth rates of employment, decreased over time. Using the ARDL bounds test, we established the existence of a cointegrating relationship between unemployment rate, sectoral shifts, consumer price index, and industrial production. The results show that inter-industry sectoral shifts exerted a statistically significant impact on unemployment rate for females and female vocational college graduates over the period 1999-2006, and unemployment rate for junior college graduates and male junior high school graduates over the period 2012-2018. On the other hand, inter-occupation sectoral shifts significantly influenced the unemployment rate for junior high school graduates over the period 2001-2018.

參考文獻


中文參考文獻
林聖銘 (2002), “台灣地區失業問題之研究—部門移轉假說之驗證,” 碩士論文, 桃園:國立中央大學。
洪嘉瑜、孫昌蔚 (2004), “台灣產業的工作重配置與勞工毛交換率,”《政大勞動學報》, 15, 105-136。
英文參考文獻
Bakas, D., Panagiotidis, T. and Pelloni, G. (2016), “On the significance of labour reallocation for European unemployment: Evidence from a panel of 15 countries,” Journal of Empirical Finance, 39, 229-240.

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