臺灣高齡消費者物價指數之再探

依據主計處家庭收支報告計算一般家戶與65歲以上高齡的消費物價指數與通貨膨脹率，以食物類、衣著類、居住類、交通及通訊類、醫藥保健類、教養娛樂與餐旅類及雜項類共七大項計算支出佔比。本文物價指數調整以民國83年為基期推算至106年。分別以全國、臺北市、新北市、臺中市、高雄市之一般家戶與高齡的消費支出比較分析。研究發現：（一）以全國的高齡的消費在民國104-106年間消費物價指數及通貨膨脹率皆高於一般家戶，主要支出前三大類分別為：居住類、醫藥保健類、食物類。（二）民國102-106年在居住類消費支出一般家戶與高齡在臺北市、新北市、高雄市的支出佔比下降趨勢，唯臺中市的居住類消費支出每年增加，存在差異。臺灣將邁向超高齡社會，人口結構改變影響消費支出模式，高齡銀髮族群佔比已被視為在未來經濟社會的重大消費族群，了解高齡者消費價值面與需求面即變得極為重要，以滿足退休擁有老年安養生活品質。

關鍵字

高齡消費者物價指數；家庭收支調查；通貨膨脹率

並列摘要

Calculate the consumer price index and inflation rate of general households and senior citizens over 65 years old according report on the family income and expenditure survey in Taiwan Area of the Republic of China, in the food, clothing, housing, transportation and communication, medical and health care, education and entertainment And the miscellaneous category has a total of seven items accounting for the proportion of expenditure. The adjustment of the consumer price index in this paper is based in 1994 and is calculated to 2017. Compare the consumption expenditures of ordinary households and senior citizens in the whole country, Taipei City, New Taipei City, Taichung City, and Kaohsiung City. The study found that: (1) The consumer price index and inflation rate during the period of 2015-2017 were higher than those of ordinary households. The top three categories of main expenditures were: housing, medicine and health, and food. (2)From 2013-2017, the proportion of households in the household consumption expenditure and the senior citizens in Taipei, New Taipei City and Kaohsiung City declined. The residential consumption expenditure in Taichung City increased every year. Taiwan will move towards a super-aged society, and demographic changes will affect consumer spending patterns. The proportion of senior citizens has been regarded as a major consumer group in the future economy and society. It is extremely important to understand the value and demand side of the elderly. Meet the retirement and have the quality of life in the elderly.