蘇魯-西里伯斯海洋防衛：菲律賓、印尼、馬來西亞應對海洋恐怖主義及海盜行為策略之分析

菲律賓，印度尼西亞和馬來西亞通過三邊合作安排（TCA）成功地進行了國防合作。該安排的框架規定採用軍事手段作為應對蘇祿-西里伯斯海域海上安全威脅的機制。但是，在成功實施其各個組成部分（如進行協調的海上和空中巡邏，進行協調的陸基演習和一系列港口訪問）之後，非法活動繼續存在。因此，研究人員試圖探索國防合作和軍事方法在應對海上安全威脅（尤其是海上恐怖主義和海盜行為）方面的挑戰和局限性。為了理解威脅的性質，本論文考察了該地區反政府運動和伊斯蘭激進主義出現的歷史淵源。同樣，它解釋了導致當前防禦合作受到限制的各種因素，研究人員認為這些因素是歷史爭端，有限的防禦能力以及對安全合作的國內限制。由於當前的國防合作似乎缺乏解決海洋恐怖主義和海盜行為的複雜性的範圍，因此研究人員不僅提出了僅著眼於國防和軍事合作的TCA，而且還提出了包括整個政府努力的三國合作安排作為解決蘇祿-西里伯斯海洋問題的機制。

關鍵字

蘇魯-西里伯斯海洋；海洋恐怖主義；海盜行為

並列摘要

The Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia had successfully engaged in a defense cooperation through Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement (TCA). The framework of the arrangement stipulates the employment of military approach as a mechanism to address the maritime security threats in the Sulu-Celebes Seas. However, after successful implementation of its various components such as conduct of coordinated maritime and air patrols, conduct of coordinated land-based exercises and series of port visits, illicit activities continue to exist. For this reason, the researcher seeks to explore the challenges and limitations of defense cooperation and military approach in addressing maritime security threats particularly maritime terrorism and piracy. In order to understand the nature of threats, this thesis examines the historical origins of the emergence of anti-government movements and Islamic radicalism in the region. Likewise, it explains the various factors that curtails the current defense cooperation of which the researcher identifies as historical disputes, limited defense capabilities and domestic constraints to security cooperation. As the current defense cooperation appears to lack in scope to address the intricate nature of maritime terrorism and piracy, the researcher proposes for not just a TCA focusing only on defense and military cooperation but rather a Tri-National Cooperation Arrangement comprising the whole of government efforts as a mechanism to address the problems in the Sulu-Celebes Seas.