我國政府推動電動機車發展之策略分析

在全世界隨著經濟成長，及民眾對於環保意識日漸抬頭的情況下，現今國際趨勢各個產業都強調環保及減少碳排為主旨，制定相關產業策略規劃及未來目標，在這當中電動機車產業成為其中一項重要計劃，聯合國在2015年召開氣候變化綱要公約擬將全球平均升溫控制在2℃之內，各國日漸認同以電動車輛的方式取代燃油車輛，提出限時銷售方式，而台灣也提供購車補助及賦稅減免等鼓勵措施，希望扶植電動機車產業達成國際目標，因此相關利害關係人對於電動機車策略受到的影響及看法就變得格外重要，將會影響未來政策是否能夠順利發展。有鑑於此，本研究特別注重以下幾點作為研究問題進行探討： 1.目前政府推動電動機車策略有何問題?為甚麼2035年燃油機車落日條款願景遭到壓力而取消? 2.面對不同利害關係人立場和影響，政府如何在推動過程中調整行動提高民眾的接受程度? 3.政府在推動電動機車的策略上，有無其他輔助措施或修正之處? 為了深入分析當中利害關係人對我國推行電動機車政策之看法及受到影響，本研究以質性訪談方式釐清電動機車相關政策的利害關係人，訪談對象包含新北市環保局、環保團體、燃油機車業者以及電動機車擁有者和使用者，且同時針對策略管理中策略規劃、利害關係人、公私協力、共享經濟、政策工具等相關文獻以及政府關於電動機車的相關政策做研究整理以及分析。透過研究結果發現：(1)政府對於電動機車使用上及後續造成的影響缺乏宣導，導致2035燃油機車落日條款受到壓力而取消;(2)政府在面對不同利害關係人，需透過互動、溝通的方式了解他們對於政策的看法;(3)目前政府對於其發展策略，仍是以補助政策為主要方式，而將租賃式共享機車為輔助措施。因此本研究針對研究發現提出政策建議：(1)控制電動機車定價，避免與燃油機車差異過大;(2)都市、偏鄉皆須廣設換電站，提升整體便利性;(3)電動機車月租費問題需更加彈性;(4)加強宣導對於電動機車之認知及未來影響;(5)對於電動機車發展不能操之過急。透過本研究分析可發現，電動機車產業是具備未來發展性的，不過如要繼續發展提升整體市占率，仍須考量當中的便利性及民眾的接受程度等問題，才有助於達到減少碳排放的整體目標。

關鍵字

電動機車；利害關係人；策略規劃

並列摘要

As the economy grows around the world, and people’s awareness of environmental protection is on the rise, Today's international trends, all industries emphasize environmental protection and reduce carbon emissions as the main purpose, Formulate relevant industry strategic planning and future goals, Among them, the electric locomotive industry has become one of the important plans, The United Nations convened the Convention on the Framework for Climate Change in 2015 to plan to control the global average temperature rise within 2℃, Countries are increasingly agreeing to replace fuel vehicles with electric vehicles, Propose time-limited sales, Taiwan also provides incentives such as car purchase subsidies and tax relief, Hope to support the electric locomotive industry to achieve international goals, Therefore, the influence and opinions of relevant stakeholders on the strategy of electric locomotives become particularly important, which will affect the development of future policies. In view of this, this study pays special attention to the following points as research questions: 1. What is the current problem with the government's strategy to promote electric locomotives? Why is the vision of the sunset clause for fuel locomotives under pressure in 2035 to cancel? 2. Faced with the positions and influences of different stakeholders, how can the government adjust its actions in the process of promotion to increase public acceptance? 3. Are there any other auxiliary measures or amendments in the government's strategy to promote electric locomotives? In order to deeply analyze the views of stakeholders and their impact on the implementation of the electric locomotive policy in my country, This study uses qualitative interviews to clarify the stakeholders of electric locomotive related policies, Interviewees include New Taipei City Environmental Protection Bureau, Environmental groups, Fuel locomotive owners and owners and users of electric locomotives, And at the same time for strategic planning in strategic management, Stakeholder, Public-private partnership, Sharing economy, Relevant literatures such as policy tools and related government policies on electric locomotives are researched and analyzed. Through the research results, we found: (1) The government's lack of publicity on the impact of the use and follow-up of electric locomotives, As a result, the sunset clause of the 2035 fuel locomotive was pressured and canceled; (2) The government is facing different stakeholders, Need to understand their views on policies through interaction and communication; (3) The current government's strategy for its development, It is still based on the subsidy policy, And use rental shared locomotives as auxiliary measures. Therefore, this study proposes policy recommendations for the research findings: (1) Control the pricing of electric locomotives, Avoid excessive differences with fuel locomotives; (2) It is necessary to set up a wide range of power exchange stations in cities and rural areas, Improve overall convenience; (3) The problem of monthly rent for electric locomotives needs to be more flexible; (4) Strengthen the awareness and future impact of publicity on electric locomotives; (5) The development of electric locomotives should not be overstretched. Through this analysis, we can find, The electric locomotive industry has future development, However, if you want to continue to develop and increase the overall market share, Still need to consider the convenience and acceptance of the public, Only helps to achieve the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions.