克羅埃西亞的文化觀光與永續發展

Cultural tourism and sustainable development in Croatia

江岱樺(Dai-Hua Chiang)

指導教授 ： 郭秋慶

淡江大學/國際研究學院/歐洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2019.00919

摘要

克羅埃西亞在於巴黎條約之下的文化遺產保護更加重視，歐洲因其豐富的文化資產而一直在文化觀光中佔據主導地位，以此論述文化項目在區域經濟發展和永續發展佔有很重要地位。由於文化觀光成為發展經濟從歷史、文化合作等角度可以視為一項發展戰略。並且，以歐洲聯盟的文化目標，有許多文化方面的合作。2007年歐盟執委會通過歐洲文化議程（European Agenda for Culture）後，歐盟在文化政策領域上已經更具積極性與主動性。再者，文化遺產是許多歐洲城市旅遊業發展的基礎。無論是在歐盟執委會文化合作項目與觀光城市結合成文化之都，文化觀光政策皆在歐洲聯盟、聯合國與歐盟會員國家的標準。然後，歷史中在90年代因為南斯拉夫戰爭影響社會，政治制度和經濟接受到轉型。但在近年發展觀光業下，克羅埃西亞的觀光產業已經有所作為，亞得里亞海岸的風光與達爾馬提亞地區之觀光城市，透過觀光產業在加入歐週聯盟之框架將有更大發展空間，因此，以歐洲統合的角度分析克羅埃西亞之文化觀光，如何配合觀光城市發展合作。結語，身為歐盟成員國之一的克羅埃西亞是否有符合預期的經濟水準發展觀光產業，並且對於環境的永續發展作為，為本論文之探討目標。

關鍵字

文化遺產 ； 文化觀光 ； 歐洲文化觀光政策 ； 克羅埃西亞文化觀光

並列摘要

Croatia has become a popular tourist attraction due to more cultural heritage protection under the Paris Treaty, which allowed Europe to always dominate cultural tourism due to its rich cultural assets; thus, our discussion is on the important role of cultural projects in the regional economic development and sustainable development. Since the cultural tourism has developed the economy, it can be regarded as a development strategy from the perspectives of history and cultural cooperation, not to mention there are many cultural cooperation based on EU cultural goals. After European Commissions European Agenda for Culture was adopted in 2007, EU has become more active and initiative in the field of cultural policies, and cultural heritage has been the basis for the development of tourism in many European cities; cultural tourism policies are all in accordance with the standards of European Union, United Nations and EU member states regardless whether the cultural city was shaped by cultural cooperation project between European Commission and the tourist city. Due to the Yugoslav War in the 1990s, its political system and the economy were transformed. The tourism industry in Croatia is booming under the development of tourism industry in recent years; the Adriatic coast scenery and Dalmatia tourist city will enjoy bigger room for development through the inclusion of its tourism industry into EU framework. Therefore, we analyze the cultural tourism of Croatia and the means to collaborate in the development of tourism cities from the perspective of European integration. In conclusion, the objective of this paper is to explore whether or not Croatia, one of the EU member states, has developed an environmentally sustainable tourism industry in line with the expected economic level.

並列關鍵字

cultural heritage ； cultural tourism ； European cultural tourism policy ； Croatian cultural tourism

參考文獻

Trave, C., Brunnschweiler, J., Sheaves, M., Diedrich, A., & Barnett, A. (2017). Are we killing them with kindness? Evaluation of sustainable marine wildlife tourism. Biological Conservation, 209, 211-222. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.020

參考資料

(一)外文專書：

Adams, E. (2016). Croatia History, Culture and Tourism: Early Religious History, Government, Economy, People and Tradition. United States: Kindle.

Alhaddi, H. (2015). Triple bottom line and sustainability: A literature review. Business and Management Studies, 1(2), 6-10. doi: 10.11114/bms.v1i2.752