香港貧富不均問題研究

香港為中華人民共和國兩個特別行政區之一，是世界上相當重要的現代化國際金融、工商服務業及航運中心，已24年蟬聯全球最自由經濟體，並憑治安優良、稅制簡單和法律制度健全聞名，素有「東方之珠」的美譽。然而，近年香港極端的貧富懸殊問題愈來愈嚴重，原家戶收入的基尼系數由2006 年的 0.533 上升至 2016 年的 0.539，已是 45 年來最高。情況較其他已發展地區，如：新加坡0.356、美國 0.391、英國 0.351……等地區嚴峻。比較香港最富裕一成及最貧窮一成住戶月收入差距，也由 2006 年的 34 倍擴大到 2016 年的 44 倍。香港貧窮家庭數目高達 53 萬戶，當中約 30 多萬戶屬於在職貧窮，貧窮人口超過 130 萬人；而全香港前 21 位超級富豪的資產，相當於香港政府可動用的財政儲備總額1.83 萬億港元之強。本文資料取自Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department；以基尼係數及貧窮線等工具並回顧國際上常用之研究方法、香港政府官方方法，衡量香港近年之貧富不均問題；研究發現香港人口和家戶結構因素改變、經濟全球化及產業轉型、房地產價格過高問題相關，造成其貧富不均。

關鍵字

香港；貧富不均問題；基尼係數；貧窮門檻

並列摘要

Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre territory, Hong Kong is the world's fourth-most-densely-populated region. Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centers and commercial ports. It is the world's seventh-largest trading entity, and its legal tender the Hong Kong dollar is the world's 13th-most-traded currency. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, it has severe income inequality. The extreme gap between the rich and the poor in Hong Kong has become more and more serious in recent years. Hong Kong's Gini coefficient rose from 0.533 in 2006 to 0.539 in 2016 is the highest in last 45 years. The situation that Hong Kong faced is more difficult than other developed regions, such as Singapore (0.356), the United States (0.391), and the UK (0.351).Comparing the richest 10% and the poorest 10% people of monthly income in Hong Kong, it has also expanded from 34 times in 2006 to 44 times in 2016.The number of poor families in Hong Kong is 530,000, of which about 300,000 are in the working poverty, and the poor population is estimated over 1.3 million. But the assets of the top 21 richest people in Hong Kong are equivalent to Hong Kong government funds (1.83 trillion Hong Kong dollars). The research is based on the data from the Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department; with tools such as the Gini coefficient and the poverty line, and reviewing the internationally used research methods and the official methods of the Hong Kong government to measure the inequality between Hong Kong and the poor in recent years. This study found that Hong Kong's population and household structure are shrinking, economic globalization and industrial transformation and the excessive price of real estate mainly causing the inequality in Hong Kong.