微角塵蟎在台灣過敏人口之致敏角色探討

The Sensitizer Role of Dermatophagoides Microceras for Allergic Individuals in Taiwan

曾碧緣(Pi-Yuan Tseng)

指導教授 ： 曾翠華 ； 呂克桓

中山醫學大學/醫學院/生化暨生物科技研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2005.00006

摘要

台灣地處亞熱帶且四面環海，這種常年高溫濕熱的海島型氣候正是塵蟎繁殖的最佳環境。許多如過敏性鼻炎、異位性皮膚以及氣喘等過敏性疾病均是由於塵蟎過敏原所引起。在台灣家塵常見蟎類中，有關屋塵蟎（Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus）、粉塵蟎（Dermatophagoides farinae）的研究最多，而同一屬之微角塵蟎（Dermatophagoides microceras）的相關文獻則並不多見。但是根據本實驗室的統計，微角塵蟎在過敏孩童的盛行率高達84.5%。
為了釐清塵蟎過敏原與過敏疾病之間的關係，本實驗室以122個過敏患者血清進行微角塵蟎、屋塵蟎以及粉塵蟎蛋白之IgE點墨分析，結果發現微角塵蟎含有許多未證實之蛋白成份。為了進一步確認微角塵蟎之分子生物特性，本實驗室以微角塵蟎與研究最廣泛之屋塵蟎、粉塵蟎兩種塵蟎進行免疫抑制之交叉反應實驗，結果發現微角塵蟎具有相當多會引發過敏患者過敏症狀的致敏蛋白，而這些蛋白並不同於屋塵蟎與粉塵蟎，雖然三種塵蟎彼此具有相當高程度的序列相似度。
本研究為國內首度針對微角塵蟎進行有關分子生物層面的實驗研究，包括對微角塵蟎過敏患者血清特異性IgE抗體反應的免疫點墨分析統計，研究結果發現微角塵蟎除了已證實之第一類過敏原 Der m 1以外，尚含有其他十多種致敏蛋白，其中出現率最高的第3號組成物14.3kDa蛋白更具有相當高程度之個體特異性，值得進一步之研究探討。本研究證實了微角塵蟎對於台灣過敏人口之致敏角色並不亞於屋塵蟎與粉塵蟎的重要性，因此期望藉由本研究的結果，重新賦予微角塵蟎在致敏角色上的確切定位，並將之列為過敏環境之重要評估因素。此外，本實驗室也希望藉由進一步了解微角塵蟎所具有之所有分子生物特性，進而改善過敏原的檢測缺失並降低減敏治療所可能引起的不良反應。

關鍵字

過敏 ； 塵蟎微角塵蟎交叉反應 ； 致敏蛋白 ； 減敏治療

並列摘要

Taiwan is a subtropical island surrounded by the oceans, and the perennial hot and humid weathers are the best conditions for house dust mites to grow. Many allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma, are all caused by the exposure of dust mite allergens. Among the most common mites in Taiwan, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（Der p）and Dermatophagoides farinae（Der f）have been investigated clearly while Dermatophagoides microceras that belongs to the same family was less studied. However, our epidemiological statistics showed the positive rate of Dermatophagoides microceras （Der m）in allergic children was as high as 84.5%.
In order to verify the relationships among various kinds of mite allergens and allergic diseases, 122 sera from allergic patients were collected for IgE immunoblotting for Der m, Der p and Der f, and several unverified components within were detected. Thus, in order to ascertain the molecular characteristics of Der m, 20 sera were further used for inhibition experiments to explore the cross-reactivities between Der m and the most investigated species Der p and Der f. The results suggested that Der m comprised many allergenic sources that might induce allergic symptoms of atopy individuals in Taiwan. Those components were different from Der p and Der f though Der m had high sequence identity with either of them.
This is the first research of Der m in the molecular biology level, including analysis of Der m specific IgE immunoblotting data for allergic individuals in Taiwan. Besides the verified group 1 protein Der m 1, there were also other ten some allergic proteins found in this study, especially 14.3kDa protein, component number 3, which had the highest positive rate among allergic individuals in Taiwan. This study revealed that Der m was not less important than Der p and Der f in the sensitization of allergic diseases in Taiwan, thus we suggested Der m to be included in the evaluation of allergic sources in our environment, and further study should be done to improve the shortage of allergy tests and decrease the adverse effects caused by immunotherapy.

並列關鍵字

allergy ； house dust mites ； Dermatophagoides microceras ； cross-reactivity ； allergic protein ； immunotherapy

參考文獻

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