自鎖式與傳統矯正托架在飲料中之腐蝕研究

The corrosion behavior investigation of self-ligating and conventional metal brackets in soft drinks

許瑛祺(Hsu Ying-Chi)

指導教授 ： 高嘉澤

中山醫學大學/口腔醫學院/牙醫學系碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2012.00010

摘要

實驗目的:
紅茶、檸檬紅茶和可樂是日常生活中常見的飲料，這個實驗的目的為評估自鎖式與傳統矯正托架在軟性飲料中的腐蝕情形。

材料與方法:
本實驗總共使用了396顆矯正托架，包含了Damon Q ( Ormco，USA)，OPA-K( TOMY，Japan)和Tenbrook one( Ortho Class，USA)，金屬材質皆為17-4 PH。分成4組浸泡模擬溶液：人工唾液、紅茶、檸檬紅茶和可樂，放在37°C恆溫箱中1天，7天，30天和60天後收集其溶液與矯正托架。浸泡液以感應耦合電漿質譜儀( ICP-MS)檢測其中鎳、鉻和鐵元素的含量。並以晶相顯微鏡照攝浸泡前、浸泡1天後及浸泡60天後矯正托架表面。使用電子式拉力機( EZ-test)量測浸泡1天候與浸泡60天後矯正托架的摩擦力。將浸泡60天後的溶出液與骨髓間葉幹細胞( bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell)一起培養，使用Alamar blue 染色劑來檢測幹細胞的生存能力( cell viability)；將浸泡1天與浸泡60天後的溶出液與骨髓間葉幹細胞( bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell)一起培養，使用流式細胞儀( Flow cytometry)來分析骨髓間葉幹細胞的細胞基因毒性 ( Cell genotoxicity)和死亡模式( Cell death)。所得資料結果以JMP, Prism和Microsoft Excel統計軟體來計算，統計方法為Three-way ANOVA，P值設定為小於0.05有統計上的意義。

實驗結果與討論:
經ICP-MS量測，Damon Q 在60天的所有浸泡液中皆有顯著最高的鎳金屬釋出濃度； Damon Q 也在在60天的所有浸泡液中有顯著最高的鉻金屬釋出濃度；Tenbrook One在在60天的所有浸泡液中有顯著最高的鐵金屬釋出濃度。
經電子式拉力機檢測矯正托架摩擦力，發現傳統矯正托架 ( OPK)在每一種浸泡液皆有顯著最大摩擦力。而其他兩種自鎖式矯正托架( DamonQ和Tenbrook one)的摩擦力，不同浸泡液天數與不同浸泡液之間皆無顯著差異。
將不同浸泡溶出液與骨髓間葉幹細胞培養經Alamar blue染色後，檸檬紅茶溶出液對於骨髓間葉幹細胞有顯著最低的OD值。Damon Q在不同的浸泡液天數與不同浸泡天數皆有較低的OD值。
將不同浸泡溶出液與骨髓間葉幹細胞培養後，經流式細胞儀( Flow cytometry)檢測幹細胞的細胞週期，60天的檸檬紅茶溶出液有最高比例的G0 phase。Damon Q在各組中有最高比例的G0 phase；經流式細胞儀( Flow cytometry)檢測幹細胞的Ann V and PI染色比例，發現60天的檸檬紅茶溶出液有較高PI染色的比例，Damon Q在各組中有較高PI染色的比例。

結語:
各個矯正托架的表面處理與自鎖式矯正托架的廠商製程顯著的影響到腐蝕表現；金屬矯正托架的金屬釋出濃度並未隨著浸泡液酸鹼值增加而增加；本實驗所測得的鎳、鉻和鐵等金屬釋出濃度，皆低於成人每日上限攝取量；但要注意軟性飲料的飲用量，避免過多的鎳金屬從矯正托架釋出至口腔內，造成骨髓間葉幹細胞死亡模式改變以及基因毒性等問題。

關鍵字

軟性飲料 ； 傳統托架 ； 自鎖式托架 ； 腐蝕 ； 金屬釋出 ； 摩擦力 ； 細胞存活 ； 細胞基因毒性 ； 細胞死亡模式

並列摘要

Purpose:
Tea, lemon tea and cola are common beverage in our life. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the corrosion behavior of self-ligating and conventional metal brackets in soft drinks.

Materials and Methods:
Totally, 396 brackets were used. There are Damon Q( Ormco, USA), OPA-K( TOMY, Japan) and Tenbrook one( OrthoClass, USA).They were all made of 17-4 PH stainless steel. They were divided into four groups of immersing solutions: artificial saliva, tea, lemon tea, and cola. Brackets were immersed in these solutions at an oven under 37°C for one day, seven days, thirty days and sixty days. Immersing solutions were detected for concentration of Nickel, Chrome, and Iron by ICP-MS. Photos of brackets immersed for one day and sixty days were taken by metallioscope. Frictional force of brackets after immersed one day and sixty days was measured by EZ-test machine. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell ( BMSC) was cultured with immersed solution after sixty days immersing. Cell viability of BMSC was analyzed by alamar blue assay. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell ( BMSC) was cultured with immersed solution after one day and sixty days immersing. Cell genotoxicity and cell depth was analyzed by Flow cytometry. The data were collected, and three-way ANOVA statistical analysis was performed using statistical software ( JMP®、Prism® and Microsoft Excel®) with the statistical significance set at p<0.05.

Results and discussion:
Damon Q have significantly the highest concentration of Nickel in sixty days of each solution. Damon Q also had significantly the highest concentration of Chrome in sixty days of each solution. Tenbrook one had significantly the highest concentration of Iron in sixty days of each solution.
Frictional force of brackets were tested by EZ-test.Traditional brackets( OPK) in each immersed solution have highest frictional force.There are no significant difference between other two self-ligating brackets( Damon Q and Tenbrook one) in each immersing time and immersed solution.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell( BMSC)was cultured with immersed solution. Then, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell( BMSC) was stained with alamar blue. There is significant lowest O.D. value in each bracket in lemon tea. There is significant lowest O.D. value in Damon Q brackets of each immersed solution.
Cell cycles of BMSC were analyzed by Flow cytometry. There are higher ratios of G0 phase in each immersed time of lemon tea. There are higher ratio of G0 phase in Damon Q brackets of each immersed time and solution; Stained ratio of Ann V and PI in BMSC were also analyzed by Flow cytometry. There are higher ratios of PI stained cell in each immersed time of lemon tea. There are higher ratio of PI stained cell in Damon Q brackets of each immersed time and solution.

Conclusion:
The surface`s process and manufacture`s procedure significantly affect the corrosion behavior. The concentration of metal release from immersed metal brackets did not increase by the concentration of acid of immersing solutions. The concentrations of Nickel, Chrome, and Iron from immersing solutions were all below the daily intake of adults. However, to avoid of extra release of Nickel form brackets, and to decrease the genotoxicity and cell death of BMSC, take notice of quantities of soft drinks.

並列關鍵字

Soft drinks ； Convational bracket ； Self-ligating bracket ； Corrosion ； Metal release ； Friction ； Cell viability ； Cell genotoxicity ； Cell death

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