營養教育對國中生營養知識、態度及飲食行為之影響

隨著生活型態與西方飲食文化影響，青少年肥胖的盛行率有逐年增加的趨勢。青少年時期的飲食習慣對其日後成人時期的飲食情形具有關鍵性的影響力，故本研究旨在藉由營養教育的介入，並鼓勵增加身體活動，探討對學生的營養知識、態度及飲食行為的效益。研究對象為台中市某國中七、八年級其BMI達肥胖標準且願意回答前後測問卷的學生共計42人。本研究設計採單組前、後測設計，介入時間為四週共計6次營養教育課程，每次40分鐘。營養教育介入前後皆測量身高、體重及問卷評量。問卷內容包含：「基本資料」、「營養知識」、「營養態度」、「高熱量飲食頻率」、「飲食行為」及「身體活動情形」。結果顯示國中生經過4週營養教育介入後，其身體質量指數(BMI)呈顯著性減少。營養知識、態度及飲食行為的得分皆有顯著進步，營養知識以女生為佳，具統計意義。在高熱量食物飲食頻率部分，攝取高熱量食物次數減少。在身體活動情形部分，每天累積的運動時間及運動強度皆有增加。營養知識與營養態度、飲食行為皆無相關，營養態度與飲食行為呈現正相關，提升正向的營養態度有助於趨向健康的飲食行為表現。本研究顯示營養教育的重要性，對國中生的營養認知、正向的食物選擇態度及飲食行為確實有所助益。

關鍵字

營養教育；營養知識；營養態度；飲食行為

並列摘要

With the influence of life style diet and western culture, the prevalence of adolescent obesity has increased year by year. Adolescent diet has critical impact upon adulthood health. With the involvement of nutrition education and more physical exercise encourage, this study aims to explore the benefits of students' nutrition knowledge, attitudes and dietary behaviors. There were 42 subjects in seventh to eight grade Taichung junior high school students who were willing to participate pretest and posttest of questionnaire. Six times nutrition education programs with 40 minutes per time were provided. Before and after the nutrition education intervention, the subjects had been measured their height and weight, and did the pretest and posttest of the questionnaire. The questionnaire included the following topics: "basic information", "nutrition knowledge", "nutrition attitude", "high-calorie food frequency", "dietary behavior" and "physical activity situations". The results showed that the subjects’ body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased with their nutrition knowledge, attitudes and dietary behavior score individually significantly made progression. Female subjects with greater nutrition knowledge were statistically significant. The results indicated that they had less intake of high-calorie foods frequency. These subjects also increased their physical activities and exercise intensity in daily cumulative exercise time. It had no significant relation among nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and eating behavior. Nutritional attitudes were positively correlated with eating behaviors. Improvement on positive nutrition attitude was associated with positive and healthy eating behavior. This study showed that the nutrition education benefited for junior high school students on nutrition knowledge, positive attitudes, eating behaviors and food choices.

並列關鍵字

nutrition education ； nutrition knowledge ； nutrition attitudes ； eating behavior

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營養教育對國中生營養知識、態度及飲食行為之影響

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