臨床心理師的人格特質對職業倦怠的影響—以自我慈憫作為調節變項

The Association of Personality Traits and Job Burnout in Clinical Psychologists -– Self-Compassion as a Moderating Variable

黃綺婷(I Teng Vong)

指導教授 ： 黃淑玲

中山醫學大學/醫學院/心理學系暨臨床心理學碩士班/碩士(2023年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/csmu202300005

摘要

職業倦怠不僅影響臨床心理師的身心健康，同時亦會影響個案福祉，甚至專業的發展；故此，對臨床心理師而言，職業倦怠和自我照顧是重要的議題。本研究欲探討臨床心理師五大人格特質、自我慈憫與職業倦怠的關係，以及自我慈憫在人格特質和職業倦怠之間的調節角色。本研究以橫斷式問卷調查法進行，研究對象為領有專業證照且登記執業之臨床心理師，研究工具包括中文版簡式五大人格量表、台灣版自我慈憫量表、職業倦怠量表中文版(分為情緒耗竭、個人成就感及去人性化)和中文版心理衛生專業人員壓力量表。本研究共收到147份有效問卷。結果顯示：1. 於控制人口學變項及工作壓力後，外向性可預測情緒耗竭；外向性、友善性、嚴謹性、開放性及神經質均可預測個人成就感；人格特質未能預測去人性化。2. 在控制人口學變項、工作壓力及五大人格特質後，自我慈憫遞減因素可預測情緒耗竭及去人性化；自我慈憫增進因素可預測個人成就感。此外，自我慈憫遞減因素大多可預測個人成就感，但人格特質控制變項為外向性時除外。3. 自我慈憫增進因素對外向性和情緒耗竭之間關係有調節作用，對自我慈憫增進因素高分組而言，外向性對情緒耗竭並無解釋力；對自我慈憫增進因素低分組而言，外向性對情緒耗竭有顯著負向解釋力。其餘條件下，自我慈憫增進因素與自我慈憫遞減因素在五大人格與倦怠的關係中不具調節作用。本研究提供了台灣臨床心理師於職業倦怠方面，有關人格特質危險因子的資訊。低外向性、低友善性、低嚴謹性、低開放性及高神經質為危險因子。另外，本研究驗證了在考量工作壓力及人格特質兩項重要因素後，自我慈憫仍為職業倦怠有效的復原因子，同時驗證了自我慈憫增進因素可以緩衝低外向性對情緒耗竭的影響。相關資訊可協助業界或管理階層辨識職業倦怠的高危員工，建議未來在心理師的培訓中，可加入自我慈憫作為自我照顧的策略。

關鍵字

臨床心理師 ； 人格 ； 自我慈悲 ； 自我疼惜 ； 工作倦怠 ； 工作壓力

並列摘要

Job burnout shows influence on the professional development, physical and mental health of clinical psychologists, on the benefits of clients as well. Hence, burnout and self-care are important issues for clinical psychologists. The purpose of this study are (1) to investigate the relationship between Big Five personality traits, self-compassion, and job burnout of clinical psychologists, and (2) the moderating effect of self-compassion between personality traits and job burnout. A cross-sectional research method was employed. The subjects in the study were licensed clinical psychologists who are registered to practice. The instrument included the BFI-15 Chinese version, the Taiwanese version of the Self-Compassion scale, the MBI Chinese version (including emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization) and the MHPSS Chinese version. A total of 147 questionnaires were collected. The results were summarized as following. 1. After controlling demographic variables and work stress, extraversion was significantly associated with emotional exhaustion; extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism were associated with personal accomplishment; none of the Big Five personality traits was associated with depersonalization. 2. After controlling demographic variables, work stress and the Big Five personality traits, the decremental composite of self-compassion was associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; the incremental composite of self-compassion was associated with personal accomplishment. The decremental composite of self-compassion was associated with personal accomplishment, after controlling demographic variables, work stress and the Big Five personality traits, except for extraversion. 3. The incremental composite of self-compassion showed a moderating effect on the relationship between extraversion and emotional exhaustion. This study provides information regarding the risk factors of personality traits associated with job burnout for clinical psychologists in Taiwan. Low levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism are risk factors. In addition, this study verifies that self-compassion is a protective factor for job burnout after considering both work stress and personality traits. Moreover, it also demonstrates that the incremental composite of self-compassion can buffer the impact of low extraversion on emotional exhaustion. It is suggested that self-compassion program can be added for enhancing self-care strategy in the training of psychologists in the future.

並列關鍵字

clinical psychologists ； personality traits ； Big Five ； self-compassion ； job burnout ； job stress

參考文獻

Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(6), 574–583. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040291

中文文獻

中華民國臨床心理公會全國聯合會（2022，10月12日）。統計數據：111年領照數及執業人數。中華民國臨床心理公會全國聯合會。

李小安（2018）。台灣臨床心理師工作壓力、自我照顧與職業倦怠之相關性研究。﹝碩士論文。國立東華大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/adcb56

李仁豪、鍾芯瑜（2020）。中文版簡式「五大人格量表」BFI的發展。測驗學刊，67(4)，271-299。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=16094905-202012-202102010013-202102010013-271-299