本研究目的為了解懷孕期婦女飲食營素素攝取與新生兒體型(體重、身長及頭胸圍)相關性之前瞻性研究。自民國九十九年九月至民國一百年十月於中山醫學大學附設醫院婦產科門診招募100位妊娠20週以內之健康婦女,利用面對面、電訪或郵寄等方式收集孕婦基本基本資料及新生兒出生基本資料;並利用三天飲食紀錄與24小時飲食回憶法了解孕期飲食營養素攝取情形。結果顯示菸鹼酸、維生素B-6、葉酸、鈣、鎂、鐵及鋅之攝取量低於我國每日營養素建議攝取量。孕婦的身高與新生兒體重(r = 0.33, p < 0.01)、身長(r = 0.37, p < 0.01)、頭圍(r = 0.41, p < 0.01)與胸圍(r = 0.39, p < 0.01)呈顯著正相關;孕前體重與新生兒體重(r = 0.25, p = 0.01)、身長(r = 0.27, p < 0.01)及胸圍(r = 0.43, p < 0.01)呈顯著正相關。利用複回歸分析,懷孕期間熱量、脂肪、蛋白質、維生素A、維生素E、菸鹼酸、維生素B-6、維生素B-12之攝取量與新生兒體型有顯著的正相關,其中又以懷孕期第二及第三期之飲食營養素攝取量更為顯著。因此,我們建議婦女於懷孕期間能廣泛攝取各類食物,尤其是富含B群的食物及蛋白質食物,以利新生兒之生長發育。
The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intakes in pregnant women and infant anthropometric outcomes. We recruited 100 health pregnant women (pregnancy less than 20 weeks)from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital. The basic characteristics and dietary information (including 3 days records and 24 hour recalls) during pregnancy were collected by face-to-face, telephone, mail or E-mail. The infant anthropometric outcomes were also collected from mother. The results showed pregnant women had lower niacin, vitamin B-6, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc intakes than the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for Taiwan. The height of pregnant women was significantly correlated with newborn’s weight (r = 0.33, p < 0.01), height (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), head circumferences (r = 0.41, p < 0.01), and chest circumferences (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). The weight before pregnancy of mother was significantly correlated with newborn’s weight (r = 0.25, p = 0.01), height (r = 0.27, p < 0.01), and chest circumferences (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). The multiple linear regression analyses showed that the intake of calories, fat, protein, vitamin A, vitamin E, niacin, vitamin B-6 and vitamin B-12 were significantly correlated the newborn’s anthropometric outcomes, especially during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. We suggested women during the pregnancy should intake various food, especially for vitamin B and protein-rich food, in order to help the newborn growth and development.