大學生排便習慣與壓力程度、睡眠品質及飲食攝取之相關研究

本研究目的欲探討壓力、睡眠及飲食攝取與便秘之關係，調查對象為中部某醫學大學一至四年級學生，採不記名自填式問卷，隨機抽測班級並在課堂中施測。問卷內容包括五個部分：A. 基本背景資料；B. 排便習慣、C. 壓力知覺量表（PSS-10）；D. 匹茲堡睡眠品質量表（PSQI）；E. 半定量飲食頻率問卷（SQFFQ）及24小時飲食回憶紀錄（24HDR）。結果發現:（1）便秘的比例為10.9 %。（2）女性便秘的比例顯著高於男性（12.7 % v.s 5.7 %）。（3）低活動量組（活動量< 150 分鐘/週）的便秘比例顯著高於高活動量組（活動量≧150 分鐘/週）（13.1 % v.s 7.8 %）。（4）高壓力組（PSS積分≧22分）的便秘比例顯著高於低壓力組（PSS積分< 22分）（15.5 % v.s 9.0 %），且便秘組的平均壓力分數（19.37±6.55）顯著高於無便秘組（17.65±6.21）。（5）睡眠品質與睡眠時數和便秘無顯著相關性，雖然有觀察到睡眠總時數在6-8小時的受試者便秘比例相對上較低，但未達顯著。（6）一天吃兩餐及三餐的受試學生其便秘比例顯著低於其他組別；有宵夜攝取習慣的組別其便秘發生比例（14.9 %）高於無攝取宵夜的組別（9.0 %），但無達統計上顯著差異（p = 0.055）。（7）便秘組其豆魚蛋肉類的攝取頻率和水分攝取量均顯著低於無便秘組；兩組在蔬菜、水果及膳食纖維攝取量上並無統計上的顯著差異。本研究結果顯示女性、活動量不足、壓力、用餐頻率、豆魚蛋肉類的攝取頻率較低及水分攝取不足與大學生的便秘發生有顯著相關性。惟本研究並未發現蔬果、纖維攝取量及睡眠品質與便秘的發生有顯著相關性，需要進一步探討。長期不當的飲食和睡眠習慣仍可能會影響健康與生活品質。建議應正視大學生的營養攝取、生活作息及壓力管理問題，以降低便秘發生率及其可能造成的健康危害。

關鍵字

便秘；飲食攝取；壓力；睡眠品質；大學生

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among stress, sleep quality, nutrition intake and bowel movement in college students. The anonymous self-report questionnaire with five sections was used, including A. Demographic information；B. Bowel movement；C. Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10)；D. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)；E. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) and 24-hour dietary recall(24HDR). The results showed：(1) The rate of self-reported constipation in this study was 10.9 %. (2) The rate of constipation in female was significantly higher than in male (12.7 % v.s 5.7 %). (3) The rate of constipation in low activity group (physical activity time < 150 min/week) was significantly higher than in high activity group (physical activity time ≧150 min/week) (13.1 % v.s 7.8 %). (4) The rate of constipation in high perceived stress group (PSS score≧22) was significantly higher than in low perceived stress group (PSS score < 22) (15.5 % v.s 9.0 %). In addition, the mean PSS score (19.37±6.55) of constipation group was significantly higher than non-constipation group (17.65±6.21). (5) There were no significant differences in sleep quality and sleeping hours from constipation and non-constipation group, although the rate of constipation in participants who usually sleep for 6-8 hours was relatively lower. (6) The rate of constipation in participants who eat two or three meals per day was the lowest among groups. Also the rate of constipation in participants regularly having late-night snacks was relatively higher than in participants without having late-night snacks. However no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p = 0.055). (7) Both of the frequency of protein foods intake and water intake in constipation group were significantly lower than in non-constipation group. However, no statistically significant differences were found in vegetable, fruit and dietary fiber intake between the two groups. The results from this study indicated that female, the lack of activity, stress, irregularly meal frequency, less frequent intake of protein foods and insufficient water intake in college students might be related to constipation. Although the significant correlation between constipation and vegetables, fruits and dietary fiber intake as well as sleep quality were not found in this study, in the long term inappropriate dietary and sleeping habits might also affect health and quality of life. We suggested that the problems of dietary intake, daily routine and stress management among college students should be paid more attention in order to decrease the prevalence of constipation and its negative effect on health.