橡膠墊圈工廠環境與機械危害暴露評估

Environmental and mechanical hazard exposure assessment in a rubber washer factory

許凱琳(Kai-Liin Hsu)

指導教授 ： 毛義方

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2018年)

摘要

目的:探討某橡膠墊圈工廠勞工暴露的噪音情形、沖壓床機械安全分析和環境各種懸浮微粒之測量(包括〖PM〗_1.0、〖PM〗_2.5、〖PM〗_4.0 、〖PM〗_10、TSP)，藉由現場觀察與工作環境測量來瞭解作業環境內的暴露結果並加以分析。
研究方法:使用英國Cirrus 型號 CR:832C之噪音計測量作業環境中的噪音暴露與頻譜分析，在工作時間八小時內每半小時測量一次每次持續5分鐘，共測量兩週；並使用台灣泰仕型號TES-1354個人噪音劑量計在噪音發生區域進行個人八小時噪音暴露量測定。使用美國Met One攜帶式粉塵偵測器 AEROCET 831 在工作時間內每半小時測量一次進行作業場所懸浮微粒之量測，並現場觀察沖壓床機械之安全設計。
研究結果:1.作業環境中噪音第一週平均值介於85.8~90.4 dB(A)；第二週平均值介於84.2~90.2 dB(A)。2.機械附近噪音皆大於90 dB(A)，三次機械噪音平均值介於91.4~93.2 dB(A)。3.在1000Hz、2KHz、4KHz、8KHz 每個音頻之音壓位準幾乎都超過90.0 dB(A)，介於89.1~98.5 dB(A)。4.個人噪音暴露量測26位勞工，噪音暴露區勞工平均暴露結果介於89.9~93.4 dB(A)；非噪音暴露區勞工平均值介於82.1~83.9 dB(A)。5.懸浮微粒全廠的濃度〖PM〗_1.0平均值18.5~22.4 μg/m^3；〖PM〗_2.5平均值介於39.9~62.1μg/m^3；〖PM〗_4.0平均值147.0~292.7 μg/m^3；〖PM〗_10平均值介於1704.4~2619.3 μg/m^3；TSP平均值介於3055.3~4791.3 μg/m^3。6.安全裝置設備的部分-有光電式安全裝置、緊急停止裝置、腳踏開關以及自動進料系統:觀察結果沖壓機械屬於低危險性。
結論:作業環境及機械附近噪音皆大於90 dB(A)，音頻分析中噪音幾乎都集中於中高頻頻率；在噪音區域所測得之勞工噪音個人暴露劑量結果幾乎都大於90 dB(A)；作業環境中的懸浮微粒大都屬於粒徑10μm的胸腔性懸浮微粒(PM_10)與總懸浮微粒的濃度較高；現今的沖壓機械大部分都使用自動進出料系統及主要防護具皆具備，對勞工而言在安全方面屬於低危險程度。

關鍵字

橡膠墊圈 ； 職業噪音 ； 懸浮微粒 ； 機械危害

並列摘要

Objectives: To investigate the noise exposure situation of worker in a rubber washer factory , the safety analysis of pressing machinery,and the measurement of particle matter in the environment(including〖PM〗_1.0、〖PM〗_2.5、〖PM〗_4.0 、〖PM〗_10、TSP).
Methods: The Cirrus’s model CR: 832C noise meter was used to measure the noise level and spectrum analysis in the working environment, it is measured every half hour during the eight hours of working for 5 minutes each time for a total of two weeks. And use of personal dosimeters to measure personal noise exposure in the region of the noise occurrence. Using a portable dust detector AEROCET 831 to measure the particle matter in the work place every half hour during working hours. On-site observation of the safety design of press machines.
Results: 1. The first week noise average in the working environment is between 85.8 ~90.4 dB(A); the second week average is between 84.2 ~ 90.2 dB(A). 2. The noise near pressing machinery the is over than 90 dB(A), and the three measurements average value is between 91.4 ~ 93.2 dB(A).3. At 1000HZ, 2KHZ, 4KHZ, 8KHZ, the sound pressure level of each audio is almost over 90.0 dB(A), which is between 89.1 and 98.5 dB(A).4. Personal noise exposure measures of 26 workers, the average exposure of workers in the noise exposure area is between 89.9 and 93.4 dB(A); the worker noise average in non-noise exposure areas is between 82.1~ 83.9 dB(A).5.Theconcentration of particle matters〖PM〗_1.0average 18.5~22.4μg/m^3;〖PM〗_2.5average between 39.9~62.1μg/m^3;〖PM〗_4.0average 147.0~292.7μg/m^3; 〖PM〗_10 average value is between 1704.4~2619.3μg/m^3; TSP average is between 3055.3~4791.3μg/m^3.6. The security device of the pressing machinery - a photoelectric safety device, an emergency stop means, a foot switch, and automatic feeding system and observation results: pressing machines is low hazard.
Conclusions: The noise in the working environment and near the machine is over than 90 dB(A). The noise in the audio analysis is almost concentrated in the mid-high frequency. The noise exposure measured by the workers in the noise area is almost over than 90 dB(A);Most of the particle matters in the working environment belong to the thoracic particle matter (PM_10) with a particle size larger than 10 μm and the concentration of total suspended particles is higher; Most of today's stamping machines use automatic feed and discharge systems and major protective systems, which are low-risk for workers.

並列關鍵字

rubber washer ； occupational noise ； particulate matter ； mechanical hazard

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