青少年網路社交行為與人格特質、 雙親教養風格之關係探討

研究目的：青少年網路使用行為是近十幾年常被探討的議題，大多以成癮的角度探討網路使用狀況，但隨著近幾年網路社群平台與功能大量發展，青少年一般網路社交行為與其心理健康議題逐漸受到重視。本研究目的在於：（1）描述青少年網路社交行為；（2）探討青少年網路社交行為與其人格特質之間的關係；（3）探討青少年知覺雙親教養風格與其人格特質之間的關係；（4）分析青少年人格特質是否為知覺雙親教養風格與網路社交行為的中介變項。研究方法：本研究採橫斷式調查研究法。以台中市 12 歲至 18 歲青少年為對象，採取立意取樣，使用結構式問卷蒐集資料。研究工具包括五個部分：個人基本資料、網路使用狀況、一般有問題網路行為量表、幸福感量表、Young 早期不適應基模量表-短版、雙親教養態度量表。回收有效問卷共計 425 份，回收率為 54.9%。統計方法採用 T test、ANOVA、Pearson 相關、逐步多元迴歸和路徑分析。研究結果： (1)不同性別在網路社交行為上無顯著差異，不同年級的研究對象在網路社交行為上有顯著差異。(2)早期不適應基模和網路社交行為呈低至中等正相關(r=.11*~.46**)，進行多元迴歸顯示「限制不足」和「分離與拒絕」兩個不適應基模向度可預測青少年網路社交行為。(3)雙親關懷程度和網路社交行為呈低負相關(r=-.10*~-.21**)，雙親保護程度和網路社交行為呈低正相關 (r=.10*~.18**)，進行多元迴歸顯示教養風格沒有進入青少年網路社交行為的預測變項。(4)進行路徑分析顯示，雙親教養風格也透過早期不適應基模向度中的「他人導向」向度和「限制不足」向度，間接影響青少年網路社交行為，早期不適應基模具有中介效果。研究結論：青少年網路社交行為與知覺雙親教養風格、早期不適應基模有關；雙親教養風格透過早期不適應基模間接影響青少年網路社交行為，早期不適應基模在其中具有中介效果。本研究結果提供青少年網路行為的初步了解，可做為青少年輔導工作人員的參考。

關鍵字

青少年；網路社交行為；雙親教養風格；人格特質；早期不適應基模

並列摘要

Purpose： Adolescents’ internet usage behavior is an issue that has been frequently discussed in the past decade. A perspect of addiction is the mainstream to explore the internet usage behavior. However, with the rapid development of the Internet social network in recent years, the online social behavior of users has gradually received attention. The purposes of this study were to：(1) Investigate the online social behavior of adolescents; (2) Investigate the correlation between early maladaptive schemas and the online social behavior of adolescents; (3) Investigate the correlation between parenting style and early maladaptive schemas, and (4) Analyze whether the early maladaptive schemas mediates the relationship between parenting style and the online social behavior of adolescents. Method： A cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling was adopted. Four hundred and twenty-five teenagers aged from 12 to 18 were recruited from high school from Taichung City. Data were collected with structured self-rated questionnaire. There were Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale, Well-Being Scale, Young Schema Questionnaire - short version, Parental Bonding Instrument, demographic data, and the information of network use habit. Data were analyzed with T test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression and path analysis. Result： (1) There was significant difference in online social behaviors of adolescents by grades. There was no significant difference in online social behaviors of adolescents by gender. (2) The early maladaptive schemas were significant positive correlations (r=.11*~.46**) with the online social behavior of adolescents. Stepwise multiple regression shows that the " impaired limits domain " and " disconnection and rejection domain " can predict the online social behavior of adolescents. (3) The parental care were significant negative correlations(r=-.10*~-.21**) with the online social behavior of adolescents and The parental protect were significant positive correlations(r=.10*~.18**) with the online social behavior of adolescents.. Stepwise multiple regression shows that the parenting style didn’t enter the predictive variables of the online social behavior of adolescents. (4) The path analysis shows that the parenting style also indirectly affects the online social behavior of adolescents through the " other-directedness domain " and the " impaired limits domain " in the early maladaptive schemas. The early maladaptive schemas have a mediating effect. Discussion： Adolescent's online social behaviors were corelated with the perceived parenting style and early maladaptive schemas of personality. Perceived parenting style indirectly affects the online social behavior of adolescents through the early maladaptive schemas, and the early maladaptive schemas have a mediating effect. The results of this study provide a preliminary understanding of the asolescent’s online social behavior that can be useful for adolescent’s counselling work.