營養教育介入對素食第2型糖尿病合併高血脂症患者血糖與血脂之影響

Effect of nutrition education on fasting glucose and lipid profiles in the vegetarian subjects with type 2 diabetes combined with hyperlipidemia

林孟萩(Mon-Chiou Lin)

指導教授 ： 林娉婷

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

摘要

之前研究發現，臺灣素食者較葷食者有顯著高的三酸甘油酯濃度。本研究目的為給予素食第2型糖尿病且合併高血脂（三酸甘油酯大於150 mg/dL）患者營養教育介入，對其血糖及血脂濃度、營養素攝取量及營養知識、態度及飲食攝取行為之影響。本研究共招募31位受試者，收集基本資料及利用問卷測量其營養教育介入前後之營養認知與態度評分。以24小時飲食回憶與飲食頻率問卷了解營養教育前後之飲食攝取行為。測量營養教育介入前後之體位及血液生化值（空腹血糖、總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇、丙胺酸氨基轉移酶、血液肌酸肝、腎絲球過濾率）濃度。研究結果發現，營養教育介入後可顯著降低受試者的體重（p = 0.049）及血脂濃度（總膽固醇，p = 0.018；三酸甘油酯，p = 0.009；總膽固醇與高密度脂蛋白濃度比值，p = 0.007），並顯著提升其營養知識（p = 0.027）及營養態度（p = 0.032）分數。在飲食攝取行為方面，受試者在營養教育後顯著降低蛋類（p = 0.010）及水果類（p = 0.002）攝取頻率；而甜飲料類、果汁、含糖茶類及零食、點心攝取頻率亦有下降趨勢，雖未達統計顯著。本研究結論，給予素食第2型糖尿病患者營養教育，可顯著降低其體重及血脂（總膽固醇及三酸甘油酯）濃度，並增強其營養認知、態度及飲食攝取正向行為。

關鍵字

營養教育介入 ； 素食 ； 第2型糖尿病 ； 血脂 ； 營養認知 ； 態度

並列摘要

Previous studies have indicated that vegetarians had a higher level of triglyceride (TG) than omnivores. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition education on glucose, lipid profiles, nutrients intakes, and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in vegetarians with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia (TG > 150 mg/dL). We recruited 31 subjects and collected their demographic characteristics in this study. We used the questionnaires to assess the scores of nutrition knowledge and attitudes after nutrition education intervention. To measure the behaviors of dietary intakes, we used 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical parameters [fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol (TC), TG, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)] were measured after intervention. After nutrition education, the values of body weight (p = 0.049) and lipid profiles levels (TC, p = 0.018; TG, p = 0.009; TC/HDL-C, p = 0.007) were significantly decreased; the scores of nutrition knowledge (p = 0.027) and attitudes (p <0.001) were significantly increased. In addition, the frequency of eggs (p = 0.010) and fruits (p = 0.002) intakes were significantly reduced, sweet drinks, juices, tea and snacks intakes were also reduced but not significantly. In conclusion, nutrition education intervention has favor effects on body weight, lipid profiles (TC and TG), and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in vegetarian with type 2 diabetes combined with hyperlipidemia patients.

並列關鍵字

nutrition education intervention ； vegetarian ； hyperlipidemia ； type 2 diabetes

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