雙親教養態度對新移民子女行為問題影響之研究

The Effect of Parental Bonding on Behavior Problems in Children of Immigrant Mothers

郭宜瑾(Yi-Jin Kuo)

指導教授 ： 楊浩然

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/公共衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2007.00080

摘要

研究目的：為比較新移民子女與本籍子女行為問題之差異，並探討雙親教養態度與孩童行為問題之關係。
材料方法：本研究隨機抽取台灣中部三縣(台中縣、彰化縣、南投縣)24所國民小學一至六年級之新移民子女為研究對象(n=391)，於同班級、同性別隨機抽取本籍孩童作為對照組(n=566)。孩童之行為問題以兒童行為檢核表之老師報告(Teacher’s Report Form, TRF)及父母報告(Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL)評估；而以雙親教養態度量表(Parental Bonding Instrument, PBI)由學童填答雙親教養相關問題。資料以卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子與雙因子變異數分析、邏輯斯迴歸加以分析。
結果：父母報告發現，新移民子女各種行為問題分數均較本籍子女高(t = -3.78, p<0.001)，但老師報告則差異僅限於退縮/憂鬱(t = -2.90, p=0.004)。但兩種報告(老師或父母)均不因新移民母親之原國籍(F = 0.82, p = 0.485; F = 1.67, p = 0.17)以及子女之年級(F = 0.49, p = 0.611; F = 0.43, p = 0.652)有所差異，但均與子女性別有關(t = -4.32, p <0.001, t = -3.35, p <0.001)。相較於本籍家庭，新移民子女填答之教養因素，父母親較缺乏關懷且較過度保護，但僅邊緣或無差異。控制相關因素之後，父母報告顯示，新移民子女較本籍子女具有較多的退縮/憂鬱(OR = 4.5, 95% C.I. = 2.5-8.4)、抱怨身體不適(OR = 2.4, 95% C.I. = 1.3-4.7)、思考問題(OR = 2.9, 95% C.I. = 1.3-6.6)、違規行為(OR = 2.4, 95% C.I. = 1.1-5.1)、內化行為(OR = 2.1, 95% C.I. = 1.0-4.1)與全行為OR = 2.3, 95% C.I. = 1.1-5.0)問題，父親低關懷比高關懷有較多內化行為(OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9)與全行為(OR = 0.3, 95% C.I. = 0.1-0.8)問題，此外父親教育程度與社交問題(OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9)、
注意力問題(OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9)有關係。但老師報告結果在母親國籍與雙親教養因素，皆與孩童行為問題無顯著相關，僅發現在父親教育低程度較高程度有較高之內化行為(OR = 0.3, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.7)與全行為(OR = 0.5, 95% C.I. = 0.2-1.0)問題。
結論：本研究得知母親國籍、父親關懷與父親教育程度，為影響孩童行為差異之重要因子，但影響老師和父母報告之因素有所不同，顯示出兒童行為在不同觀察者之間之多樣性。新移民家庭中，提升父親關懷是避免兒童行為偏差之可行方式。

關鍵字

新移民子女 ； 行為問題 ； 雙親教養態度

並列摘要

Objectives: To compare whether the behavioral/emotional problems are different between children of immigrant and indigenous mothers. The associations of parental bonding with behavioral/emotional problems are also investigated.
Method: Subjects were recruited from 24 junior high schools in three counties of middle Taiwan (Taichung, Changhua and Nantou) where all (n=391) students of immigrant mothers were compared with 566 randomly selected same-sex classmates of indingeous mothers on behavioral/emotional problems. Teacher’s Report Form (TRF) and parents’ report form (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) were used to assess children’s behavioral/emotional problems. Parental bonding was assessed through students by filling out the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Chi-square statistics, independent-samples t tests, one-way/two-way ANOVA, univariate and multiple logistic regression models were conducted in the analyses.
Rusults: Scores of the majority of behavioral/emotional problems in children of immigrant mothers were significant higher than those of indingenous mothers according to parents’ reports (t = -3.78, p<0.001); whereas only withdraw/depressed showed a higher score among children of immigrant mothers in teachers reports (t = -2.90, p=0.004).
Additionally, both reports revealed that the behavioral/emotional problems were associated with gender of children (t = -4.32, p <0.001, t = -3.35, p <0.001) but not with the nationality of mother (F = 0.82, p = 0.485; F = 1.67, p = 0.17) and grade of children (F = 0.49, p = 0.611; F = 0.43, p = 0.652). Lower care scores and higher protective score of parents were found in families with immigrant mothers than those with indigenous mothers, but the differences were in borderline or insignificant. After controlling for potential confounding factors, children of immigrant mothers were found to have more Anxious/Depressed problems (OR = 4.5, 95% C.I. = 2.5-8.4) , Somatic Complaints problems (OR = 2.4, 95% C.I. = 1.3-4.7) , Thought problems (OR = 2.9, 95% C.I. = 1.3-6.6) , Rule-Breaking Behavior problems (OR = 2.4, 95% C.I. = 1.1-5.1) , Internalizing syndromes (OR = 2.1, 95% C.I. = 1.0-4.1) and Total problems (OR = 2.3, 95% C.I. = 1.1-5.0) than those of indigenous mothers in parents’ reports. In addtion, children with high levels of father’s care were less to show Internalizing syndromes (OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9) and Total problems (OR = 0.3, 95% C.I. = 0.1-0.8). Father’s lower education level was associated with Social problems (OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9) and Attention problems OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9). For teacher’s reports, both mother’s nationality and parental bonding had no association with child behavioral problems, except for father’s low eductional level showing a significantly effect on
Internalizing syndromes (OR = 0.3, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.7) and Total problems (OR = 0.5, 95% C.I. = 0.2-1.0).
Conclusion: Our findings suggested that mother’s nationality, father’s care and educational level are major determinants for children’s behavior problems, but they differ between teacher’s report and parents’ report. Increasing father’s care toward children of immigrant mothers may prevent the emergence of children’s behavioral/emotional problems.

並列關鍵字

new-immigrant children ； behavior problems ； parental bonding

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