以雙面鏡光學設計系統延伸視距應用於放鬆眼睛調節

Accommodative relaxation by extending the viewing distance through the simple optical design of a double-mirror system

蘇慧容(Hui-Rong Su)

指導教授 ： 黃宣瑜

共同指導教授 ： 葉上民(Shang-Min Yeh)

中山醫學大學/醫學科技學院/視光學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/csmu202100091

摘要

目的：
本研究探討一個由雙面鏡組合設計的系統，對近視成年人的調節影響。 這種光學設計可以將觀看距離延伸到2.285公尺，並且可以將成像放大約3.79倍，從而使人眼在注視時能夠舒適地放鬆。
方法：
以公開招募的方式於中山醫學大學及大葉大學視光學系招募了60位大學生受試者（男性30位、女性30位）。實驗流程分為三個主軸，第一部分是基本視覺功能檢查，包含屈光不正、眼位、調節力、立體視測試等；第二部分則是檢測靜態調節反應及瞳孔尺寸，靜態測量又細分三種條件，分別是實際注視視標、透過平面鏡注視同等視距視標及改變視標尺寸影響放大率；第三部分是檢測動態調節反應及瞳孔尺寸，動態測量細分兩種條件，分別是實際注視近距離0.4公尺視標及透過雙面鏡系統視距延伸至2.285公尺後的虛像視標。
調節反應及瞳孔尺寸的測量儀器均使用開放式電腦自動驗光儀Grand Seiko Auto Ref / Keratometer WAM-5500進行檢測，時間分為5秒及30秒兩種。機器能同步測量這兩參數，數據的採納均統一以右眼為主。最後，將所測得的數據進行統計分析。
結果：
研究結果發現，透過雙面鏡系統成像視距延伸的調節反應(0.16 ± 0.09D)，與注視眼前實際0.4公尺視標(1.74 ± 0.39D)相比，調節反應顯著降低，且具有顯著差異(p < 0.05)；而在瞳孔尺寸變化上，雙面鏡系統(6.34 ± 0.87mm)與實際0.4公尺視距(5.70 ± 0.94mm)相比，有顯著增加的現象，統計學上具有顯著差異(p < 0.05)。在調節微波動的結果也發現，實際注視0.4公尺的波動幅度較大且較不穩定；而透過雙面鏡系統的視距延伸後，波動幅度相對減少，也相對穩定。
結論：
透過雙面鏡系統的成像，模擬視距拉遠且放大，調節反應有顯著下降、瞳孔尺寸則增加的現象。印證了人眼看近時調節、縮瞳、內聚的近反應理論，看遠則相反的前兩種現象。而針對聚散系統往後需進行更進一步的探討。

關鍵字

雙面鏡系統 ； 調節反應 ； 瞳孔尺寸 ； 調節微波動

並列摘要

Purpose
This study discussed the accommodative relaxation of myopic adults through a smart simple double-mirror design. This optical design can extend the viewing distance to 2.285m and magnify the image up to 3.79 times, result in the accommodative relaxation of a single human eye.
Method
We recruited 60 college students, including 30 males and 30 females, from the Department of Optometry of Chang Shan Medical University and DaYeh University. The experimental process is divided into three main axes. The first part is the basic visual function inspection, including refractive error, cover test, NPA , stereo test, etc. the second part is testing static accommodative response and pupil size. The static measurement is subdivided into three conditions, which are actually gazed at the real target, gazed at the same viewing distance through a plane mirror, and changing the size of the target to affect the magnification; the third part is to detect the dynamic accommodative response and pupil size. The dynamic measurement is subdivided into two conditions measurement, the actual gaze at a close distance of 0.4 meters and the virtual image after the viewing distance is extended to 2.285 meters through the double-mirror system.
The measuring instruments for accommodative response and pupil size are all measured by the Grand Seiko WAM-5500 binocular open-field autorefractor. The time is divided into 5 seconds and 30 seconds. The machine can measure these two parameters simultaneously, and the data is adopted uniformly based on the right eye. Finally, perform statistical analysis on the measured data.
Results
The results of the study found that the accommodative response (0.16 ± 0.09D) of the viewing distance extension through the double mirror system was significantly lower than the actual 0.4-meter visual target (1.74 ± 0.39D) in front of the eyes, and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05); In terms of pupil size changes, the double-mirror system (6.34 ± 0.87mm) has a significant increase compared with the actual 0.4m viewing distance (5.70 ± 0.94mm), which is statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).The result of accommodative microfluctuations also found that the fluctuation range of the actual gazed at 0.4 meters is large and relatively unstable; and after the viewing distance of the double-mirror system is extended, the fluctuation range is relatively reduced and relatively stable.
Conclusions
The imaging through the double-mirror system simulates the phenomenon that the viewing distance is extended and enlarged, the accommodative response is significantly reduced, and the pupil size is increased. It confirms the near triad theory of accommodation, miosis and convergence when the eyes gaze at near distance, and the first two phenomena that are opposite when gazing at far away. The vergence system needs to be further discussed in the future.

並列關鍵字

Double-mirror system ； Accommodative response ； Pupil size ； Accommodative microfluctuations

參考文獻

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