- 學位論文
子女成家時中年女性自我分化與身心健康之關聯：以親子關係為中介變項
The Associations among Self-Differentiation, Parent-Child Relationship, and Health of Middle-Aged Women:in The Transition to Be Mothers-in-Law
摘要
背景與目的：社會文化長期賦予女性照顧子女之主要責任，強調母親角色之無可取代與犧牲奉獻特質，然而在子女成家、家庭生活方式可能有重大轉變之際，母親們的身心狀態卻甚少受關注。子女成家時的母親多數處於中年階段，中年時期的身心適應攸關老年時期之適應品質，因此極有被探討之必要。本研究主要目的為探討中年母親在子女成家一年內之「自我分化」、「親子關係」與「身心健康」狀況，並了解「親子關係」在自我分化預測身心健康上的中介角色。研究方法：以「自我分化量表」、「親子關係量表」、「成人心理健康量表」及基本資料表進行橫斷式資料收集，以網路問卷及滾雪球方式招募研究對象，共獲得子女成家一年內之婦女共93名。以SPSS 23.0進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析與多元階層迴歸分析。研究結果：子女成家一年內之中年女性的整體自我分化屬中等程度，對婚姻狀態感到滿意者尤佳。整體親子關係屬良好程度；整體身心健康屬普通程度，對經濟狀態感到滿意、有兩名子女、居住安排未隨子女成家而改變者尤佳。整體自我分化程度、整體親子關係以及整體身心健康三者達顯著的兩兩正相關，並且自我分化可預測身心健康，親子關係可預測身心健康，自我分化亦大致可預測親子關係。親子關係在整體自我分化預測整體身心健康狀況上，具有部分中介或完全中介的角色，其中，「問題解決」是最有影響力之中介變項，「情感傳達」的影響力則居次。結論：子女成家一年內之中年女性的自我分化可直接預測身心健康，也可透過親子關係間接預測身心健康，表示欲提升此脈絡下女性之身心健康可同時由自我分化及親子關係兩方面著手。宜特別關注有經濟憂慮、育有獨生子女、居住安排有改變者之身心適應。本研究以自陳量表收集橫斷資料，未來研究可以訪談探討母親們的生活經驗，亦可進行縱貫式資料收集，以對母親們之經驗與轉變有厚實之了解。
並列摘要
Background and purpose: The major responsibility of nurturing has been put on women in our society. Maternal commitment and devotion are highly emphasized to mothers of young children. When the offspring growing up and going to get married, however, the well-being of mothers has not been paid much attention. Mothers might experience significant chaos in confronting those changes in their life. Since the good adjustment in middle-aged is related to the later adjustment, it is crucial to investigate the well-being of middle-aged women in facing the important life transition. This study aims to investigate the "self-differentiation," "parent-child relationship," and "physical and mental health" of middle-aged mothers under the context of their children's marriage. The mediation role of the "parent-child relationship" in self-differentiation predicting the health was also explored. Methods: A cross-sectional paradigm was applied. Participants were invited from the internet and snowball sampling. Four questionnaires were applied including Family Relationships Questionnaire, Chinese Version of the Differentiation of Self Inventory (C-DSI), Adult Mental Health Scale (AMHS), and personal background information sheet. A valid sample of 93 women whose children got marry within one year was obtained. With SPSS 23.0, the statistical strategies of descriptive statistics, difference analysis, independent-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple hierarchical regression analysis were conducted. Results: The general self-differentiation of middle-aged women was at the average level. Those who were satisfied with their marital status got a better self-differentiation. The general parent-child relationship was above the average. Moreover, the general physical and mental health was at the average level. Those who were satisfied with their financial condition, having two children, or maintained the same living environment got better wellbeing. The general self-differentiation, parent-child relationship, and health were positively correlated to each other. Self-differentiation can predict physical and mental health, the parent-child relationship predicts physical and mental health, self-differentiation can also roughly predict parent-child relationship. The parent-child relationship acted as total or partial mediators in predicting relationships of general self-differentiation and the general health condition. The “problem-solving” was the most influential mediator, and the "emotional expression" was the second influential mediator. Conclusion: Under the context of children's new marriage, the general self-differentiation of middle-aged women can directly predict their physical and mental health, as well as indirectly predict the later via the parent-child relationship. In improving the physical and mental health of women, it is important to concurrently address self-differentiation and the parent-children relationship. Special attention should be paid to those who worry about financial issues, who only have one child, and who rearranged their living condition for the marriage. This study collected self-report data by cross-section method. Future studies can do a longitudinal interview with mothers to understand their experiences and transition in depth.