工作家庭衝突、工作家庭增益、心理困擾與幸福感之關係：以不同家庭照顧負荷為分類

The relationships of work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, psychological distress and wellbeing: categorized by different types of family caregiving

李依唐(I-Tang Li)

指導教授 ： 黃淑玲

中山醫學大學/醫學院/心理學系暨臨床心理學碩士班/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/csmu202200011

摘要

在工作家庭領域中，工作家庭衝突、工作家庭增益，以及它們對於心理健康的影響已被大量討論，然而，過去經常作為控制變項的家庭照顧負荷，直到近期開始獲得學者的注意，並將其納為主要研究變項，探討它對於工作家庭變項的影響。本研究欲探討，四種家庭照顧負荷類型的全職工作者，無照顧負荷者、需照顧孩子者、需照顧長輩者，及同時照顧孩子和長輩者，其工作家庭衝突、工作家庭增益、心理困擾和幸福感的表現情形；另外，也將探討在不同照顧負荷下，工作家庭衝突、工作家庭增益預測心理困擾和幸福感的狀況。
本研究採用橫斷式研究法，以台灣中部某兩間關係良好之製造業工廠、20～65歲的全職員工為樣本，取得受試者同意後，以匿名問卷蒐集資料。問卷內容包含：人口學變項、工作家庭衝突量表、工作家庭增益量表、心理困擾量表、幸福感量表。共回收1297份有效問卷，以SPSS 21.0版統計套裝軟體進行資料處理與統計分析。採用差異性分析檢定四組照顧負荷間，工作家庭衝突、工作家庭增益、心理困擾和幸福感之得分與差異情形，以階層迴歸分析檢定四組照顧負荷下，工作家庭衝突、工作家庭增益預測心理困擾和幸福感之情形。
研究結果顯示：（1）不同照顧負荷間，工作家庭衝突、心理困擾和幸福感皆具顯著差異；（2）不同照顧負荷間，工作家庭增益不具顯著差異；（3）不同照顧負荷下，工作家庭衝突能顯著預測心理困擾和幸福感（4）部份組別中，工作家庭增益顯著預測心理困擾；（5）不同照顧負荷下，工作家庭增益顯著預測幸福感。最後，本研究依據研究結果提出討論與建議，期待能對於台灣中部工作者之家庭照顧負荷和工作家庭變項有更多了解，以作為未來相關研究之參考。

關鍵字

工作家庭衝突 ； 工作家庭增益 ； 心理困擾 ； 幸福感 ； 家庭照顧負荷

並列摘要

The research regarding work-family research, work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, and their influence on mental health has been extensively explored. The type of family caregiving, which was often labeled as control variables, has captured the researchers’ interest for recent years. This new focus makes the researchers to study the relationship of the types of family caregiving and other work-family related variables. The present study aimed to examine the level of work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, psychological distress and wellbeing among four types of caregiving in married workers. The type of caregiving was grouped into non-caregiving, caregiving for children, caregiving for elders, and caregiving for both children and elders. In addition, the relationships of work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, psychological distress and well-being among four types of caregiving were also examined.
This cross-sectional study recruited the full-time workers from two manufacturing companies in Central Taiwan as participants, ranging from 20 to 65 years old. The participants were asked to complete the research questionnaire. A total of 1297 valid questionnaires were collected. SPSS 21.0 was used for data processing and statistical analysis. Comparative analysis was conducted to test the means of work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, psychological distress and well-being among four types of caregiving. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the relationship between work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, psychological distress and well-being among four types of caregiving.
Results showed that: (1) work-family conflict, psychological distress and well-being were significantly different among four types of caregiving; (2) work-family enrichment was not significantly different among four types of caregiving; (3) For all types of caregiving, work-family conflict could significantly predict psychological distress and well-being (4) For only part of the groups, work-family enrichment significantly predicted psychological distress; (5) For all types of caregiving, work-family enrichment significantly predicted well-being. this study offers us a chance to have a better understanding of the impact of family caregiving types in the work-family interface. In conclusion, the present study helped us gain a better understanding of the relationships between the work-family related variables under different types of family caregiving.

並列關鍵字

work-family conflict ； work-family enrichment ； psychological distress ； wellbeing ； types of family caregiving

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