- 學位論文
婦女在懷孕時之飲食習慣及行為調查
Analysis of the eating habits and behavior in women during pregnancy
摘要
中文摘要 本研究的主要目的是探討婦女在懷孕時的飲食習慣及行為，以及對懷孕期營養知識的了解程度，藉此分析是否會因為錯誤的飲食習慣而導致懷孕時期的體重增加過多而造成產後肥胖或營養素攝取不足的問題。本研究以20~40歲懷孕後期和剛生產過的131位婦女為研究對象進行問卷調查，由問卷結果得知，懷孕期間體重增加以8-12公斤最多，佔31.7﹪，其次是增加12-15公斤佔29.3﹪，懷孕期體重平均胖13.93 ± 5.62公斤，最多胖33公斤最少7公斤。懷孕期間常發生的問題，研究對象認為以（腰酸背痛）最多，佔42.7%；其次為（體重上升太多）29.0%；攝取油炸食物與食物勾芡等容易造成肥胖的飲食偏好，完全不吃與少吃者合計都超過70﹪；主食攝取以一天1-3碗飯最多，合計佔76.2﹪；肉、魚、牛奶等蛋白質攝取量在適中攝取與常吃，合計都有60﹪以上程度；每天服用營養補充品的有52.7%，但在水果攝取上幾乎不吃與一天只吃1-3份者合計也有53.9﹪。會影響母體及胎兒健康的喝酒習慣，完全不喝的比率高達87﹪。經交叉分析結果顯示，吃東西速度愈快會造成孕婦及胎兒過重；容易飢餓與常常忍受飢餓的人較易肥胖；吃非常多魚者，較不易發生貧血及體重上升；整體而言，懷孕期飲食習慣及行為確實容易造成產後肥胖，然而孕婦在避免造成肥胖及選擇適當的營養素上也已經有了好的基本概念。
並列摘要
Abstract The goals of this study are to investigate the eating habits and behavior of pregnant women, to analyze the extent to which these women understand nutritional facts for pregnancy, and to determine whether incorrect eating habits lead to excessive weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum obesity/malnutrition. The current study was conducted via survey questionnaires and the study subjects included women of 20-40 years old who were in the late stage of their pregnancy and those who just delivered their infants. A total of 131 women were enrolled in the study. The results indicated that 31.7% of the women gained 8-12 kilograms during the pregnancy and 29.3% did 12-15 kilograms. The average weight gain was 13.93 + 5.62 kilograms with the highest increase of 33 kilograms and the lowest of seven kilograms. The most frequent complaint during pregnancy was “back pain” which was indicated in 42.7% of the women. Excessive weight gain was the second most frequent complaint which was reported in 29.0% of the women in this study. The results from the eating habit study showed that more than 70% of the women favored or never/rarely consumed fatty food, such as, fried food and gravy. Approximately 76.2% of the pregnant women were found to have 1-3 bowels of rice per day as the main source of complex carbohydrates. More than 60% of the pregnant women consumed an appropriate amount of protein such as those from meat, fish and milk. Approximately 52.7% of the women took nutritional supplement daily whereas 53.9% of the study subjects rarely consumed or did 1-3 servings of fruits per day. As alcohol-drinking is known to affect the health of mothers and infants, we also determined alcohol consumption and found that 87% of the women did not consume alcohol during their pregnancy. Multi-variant analyses indicated that pregnant women who ate fast tend to gain more weight and give birth to overweight babies. We also found women who feel hungry more easily and often endure hunger to have a higher tendency to become obese. Moreover, pregnant women who consumed more fish were less likely to develop anemia and to gain weight. Together, our results indicated that eating habits and behavior during pregnancy determine the incidence of postpartum obesity and that pregnant women contain good knowledge of nutritional facts for pregnancy as well as practice that knowledge to avoid postpartum obesity.