警察人員工作壓力及工作負荷研究

The Effect of Work Stress and Workload on Police Officers

高美華(Meu-Hua Gau)

指導教授 ： 毛義方

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2012.00148

摘要

警察常被認為高度工作壓力的職業，警察人員身負維護社會治安秩序及安全重責，防止危害人民生命財產事件發生，在我國警察常因任務需要，常常工作緊張、高生命風險、工時長、輪班不規律、輪調單位，對於個人的身心狀態都是一個深具高工作壓力及工作負荷的職業。本研究目的瞭解、分析警察人員工作壓力、工作負荷、工作疲勞的情況，並提出警察人員壓力因應策略。
本研究以南投縣地區男性警察人員為主要分析研究對象，針對身心健康與工作危險因子相關性進行身心壓力量表及自覺疲勞量表之問卷調查，採隨機抽樣方式，到各個警察局和派出所徵求自願受測者接受問卷，共取得有效樣本數151人，其中行政警察有效樣本數為141人。
研究結果顯示警察人員多為男性行政警察，年齡層介於四十至四十九歲佔65.6%為最多，工作性質70%為外勤，80%的人需配槍，70%左右的人需輪班，每天服勤時數以10~12小時佔53%為最高，每週服勤時數50~60小時佔76.2%為最高。警察人員在生活習慣方面吸菸者佔33.1%，喝酒比例35.8%；在睡眠方面，有失眠或睡覺障礙者佔32.5%，每週有運動習慣者佔60.3%；疾病方面有腸胃疾病佔15.2%為最高，其次是氣管疾病佔10.6%。工作壓力調查，結果發現行政警察在工作控制此項中得分最高的「工作內容很少是重複性工作」最獲得認同，「工作中我有機會發揮才能」最不認同；心理負荷「工作很辛苦」得分最高；社會支持分數裡「同事很友善」、「同事會幫忙我的工作」得分最高；壓力感受症狀「從事工作後您比以往更易發脾氣」得分最高。行政警察上班前自覺疲勞盛行情形，以眼睛疲勞比率最高，其次打哈欠及想睡。而下班後自覺疲勞盛行情形，以想睡比率最高，其次眼睛疲勞、想躺下及打哈欠。行政警察人員疲勞類型上班前是屬於「精神工作型」，下班後則是「一般工作型」。
以變異數分析探討行政警察人員的基本資料對罹患疾病的盛行率之相關性，結果顯示服務年資與心血管疾病、婚姻狀況及吸菸與鼻腔疾病、吸菸與支氣管疾病、婚姻狀況及配槍與腸胃疾病、婚姻狀況、工作單位、工作性質及輪班與肝臟疾病、BMI與骨骼肌肉疾病都具有統計上顯著的差異。
工作壓力與人口特性方面進行分析，本研究結果認為年齡對工作壓力之影響很大，在工作壓力問卷中各項分數平均值及標準差，統計差異性分析上高達13項是呈現顯著的差異。年齡別在工作負荷總平均分數的比較，發現年齡別對決策自主性、心理負荷、社會支持、主管支持、同事支持都呈現統計差異。
工作控制在各人口學相關因素間之差異，結果發現年齡在工作控制及決策自主性分數變項有正相關顯著差異，婚姻狀況在技術運用性及決策自主性分數等變項皆有正相關顯著差異。
心理負荷在各人口學因素間之差異，結果發現年齡、婚姻狀況在統計上呈現負相關顯著差異。
社會支持在各人口學相關因素間之差異，結果發現年齡、BMI在同事支持分數上有正相關顯著差異，婚姻狀況、官階職等在社會支持及主管支持分數上皆有正相關顯著差異。
根據警察工作的特性提出建議，在高齡化方面，多運動強健體魄，延緩老化，在工作時間和工作壓力方面，警察工作壓力、工作負荷及工作疲勞的危險性，起源於警察人力資源不足，應進行配合之改善，每天正常工作時間八小時並且不要加班，在身心健康方面，建立警察人員身心狀況體檢制度。

關鍵字

警察人員 ； 工作壓力 ； 工作負荷 ； 工作疲勞

並列摘要

Police officers often considered the occupation of high pressure. The police officers are charged with heavy responsibility to maintain public order and social security, and to proiect people's lives and properties. To accornplish their missions, police officers of ten work long hours with life-threatening dwties and changing shifts.They often have to move their work.It is an occupation of high workload and work pressure. The purpose of this study is to explore, analyze police officers work pressure, workload, work fatigue and extent of, and seek the coping strategies, for the police officers.
In this study, Nantou County male police officers serve as the main analytical subject for health and work risk factors related to physical and mental stress scale and the subjective fatigue scale questionnaire survey using random sampling,from the various police sub- station and police stations to seek voluntary subjects were recruited, a total number of 151 valid samples.
The results show that most administrative police officers are male.The age group between 40-49 accounted for 65.6 %, the nature of the work 70% in the field, 80% need to carry a revolver, about 70 % of the people need to rotate their shifts, daily duty from 10 to 12 hours accounted for the highest 53%, weekly duty from 50 to 60 hours accounted for the highest 76.2%. Police officers in the living habits of smokers accounted for 33.1% ,alcohol drink for 35.8%; 32.5% have insomnia or sleep disorder, weekly exercise habits accounted for 60.3%; diseases, gastrointestinal diseases accounted for 15.2% is the highest, followed by bronchial diseases accounted for 10.6%. Job stress survey found that job control,oategory the highest score in this "Work Content rarely repetitive work", is the most recognized, " I have the opportunity to show my talent",is the least recognized.In the mental stress categovy:" I work very hard, eatns"the highest score;in the social support categovy:" my colleague are very friendly ",and" my colleague will help my work, earns"the highest score ; source of the symptoms from the perception of stress categovy, which "easy to loose temper since engaged in this work "earn the highest score. Fatigue prevailing situation before going to work: "eye fatigue" earns highest rate, followed by "yawning" and" sleepiness". Subjective fatigue after work prevaling situation: "sleepiness "earns highest rate, followed by eye fatigue, want to lie down and yawning. Fatigue type belongs to the working spirit type.
Police personnel basic information related to the risk of disease prevalence, analysis of variance results show that the years of service with cardiovascular disease, marital status and smoking, and nasal disease, smoking and bronchial diseases, marital status and carrying revolver and gas trointestinal diseases, marital status, work unit, nature of work, his carrying revolver and shift with liver disease, BMI, and skeletal muscle disease all have a statistically significant difference.
Job stress and demographic characteristics were analyzed, the results of this study show that the impact the age has a big on the working pressure and the mean and standend deviation on the quention noive scores of the working pressure analysis of statistical differences of up to 13 items showed a significant difference. The age is workload comparison of the average scores of age showed a statistically difference between the decision-making autonomy, mental workload, social support, supervisor support, colleague support.
Work control and the demographic twen analytical, the results found that age in the Work control and decision-making; marital status, decision-making reached a statistically significant difference, ieepectively.
Mental load difference amony the various demographic factors found that age, marital status, in a statistically significant difference.
Social support difference among the demo geaphyic, the results found that age, BMI, marital status, position ranking , all reached a statistically significant level.
According to the characteristics of police work, this study saggected that strategies are proposed:in the aging aspects of the exercise, more robust physique delay the aging process, Working hours and work pressure, the pressure of police work, work load and work the risk of fatigue, originated in the police human resources inadequate, should be the improvement to meet the every day normal working hours, eight hours and not overtime,filling of in physical and mental health aspects, establish police officer physical and mental status examination system.

並列關鍵字

police officers ； work pressure ； workload ； fatigue

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