台灣地區老年人同住狀況與身心健康之關係

目的：面對全球高齡化的趨勢，高齡者的居住安排一直是重要的議題，臺灣高齡者的居住安排意願長期以來沒有太大改變，期望和子女同住者仍占多數，本研究之目的為了解臺灣地區年長者同住狀況與身心健康之關係。方法：本研究資料來源取自衛生福利部衛生福利資料科學中心之中老年調查檔，擷取2015年居住於台灣本島地區之60歲以上年長者為研究對象，共3,190人。本研究使用統計套裝軟體SPSS 22.0進行資料分析，分析描述性統計及推論性統計，利用複迴歸分析了解影響臺灣地區年長者及臺灣地區年長者同住狀況與身心健康之相關因素。結果：以2015年結果來看，相較於獨居長者，與子女同住之老年人其心理健康分數顯著較低(較不憂鬱)。日常生活活動功能是影響老人生活滿意度的重要因子，老年人日常生活活動(ADL)、工具性日常生活活動 (IADL)功能愈差，日常生活活動受限，容易造成減少外出與人際互動不良及社會隔離，加速其他日常生活活動(ADL)、工具性日常生活活動 (IADL)功能退化，進而影響生活品質及心理健康狀態。結論與建議：本研究得知老年人居住安排仍偏好與已婚子女同住，近年來社會價值觀念、家庭經濟因素，造成老人與子女同住者持續減少，有些家庭因此採取三代同鄰，在保有各自隱私及生活方式下彼此照顧，增進彼此的生活滿意度，台灣亦可參考新加坡與日本的模式，進行相關政策推動。老年人口比率及失能人口比率亦迅速增加，伴隨而來的是民眾對於政府照顧政策及福利服務產生更多需求及期待，然而目前長照政策最大的問題，就在於民眾不知道政府有提供什麼資源和服務，政府應加強長照宣導，結合各地願意投入長照服務的機構，一起建立更完整的長照服務網，滿足其居家安養照顧需求，提升老年人之身心健康。

關鍵字

老年人；心理健康狀態；日常生活活動(ADL) ；工具性日常生活活動 (IADL)

並列摘要

OBJECTIVE: In the face of global aging society, the living arrangements for the elderly have been an important issue. The willingness of Taiwan’s elderly to arrange their residence has not changed much for a long time, and most of them still want to live with their children. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between the living status and physical and mental health of the elderly in Taiwan. METHODS: The source of the research data was from the survey file for the elderly in the Ministry of Health and Welfare Data Science Center of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. We had selected 3,190 persons aged 60 years and older who lived in Taiwan in 2015. In this study, the statistical package software SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis, wherein descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were analyzed, and multiple regression analysis was used to understand the related factors that affect the living status and physical and mental health of the elderly in Taiwan. RESULTS: Based on 2015 results, the elderly still preferred to live with their married children. The data shows that the elderly who live with their children we can find that their mental health is petty lower (less melancholic) than those who live alone. The daily life function is an important factor that affects the life satisfaction of to the elderly. The worse function of activity of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in the elderly is that the more they are restricted in their daily activities, the less they interact and the more they isolate themselves. It also accelerated the degradation of other ADL and IADL functions, thereby affecting the quality of the life and mental health. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Base on this research, the elderly still prefer to live with the married children. In recent years, social values and family economic factors have caused the decline in the rate of elderly and children living together. Some families who choose to live within the three generations nearby, this not only can take care of each other but also maintain their privacy improve their daily lives. It can also Improve each other's life satisfaction. Taiwan can also refer the policy to Singapore and Japan. The ratio of the elderly population and the disabled population increased rapidly. It makes the masses has many demands and expectations for government care policies and welfare services. However, the biggest problem in long-term care policy is that the messes doesn’t know what resources and services the government had provide. The government should strengthen the long-term care propaganda and combine with institutions willing to invest in long-term care services to establish a more completed long-term care services network. To satisfy their home security needs and also enhance the elderly's sense of well-being.