探討台灣地區老年人家庭關係和身體健康狀況與幸福感之相關研究

本研究目的在於瞭解台灣地區老年人家庭關係和身體健康狀況與幸福感之相關影響，探討心理幸福感是否扮演家庭關係和身體健康狀況中介變項的角色。本研究使用之二手資料來自104度國民心理健康調查之前驅測試，問卷根據台灣社會變遷基本調查之抽樣分層進行，於全台北、中、南、東四大地理區域進行收案，抽樣調查全台灣65歲以上的老年人，共162位。研究對象平均年齡74.12 ±6.38歲，男性受訪者46.9%；女性占53.1%。統計分析以套裝軟體SPSS 22.0進行描述性統計與相關分析驗證。結果顯示心理幸福感為家庭關係與身體健康狀況之中介變項；同時考慮家庭關係、心理幸福感對身體健康狀況之解釋力時，家庭關係的解釋力下降(從原來β=.36,p<0.001下降為β=.15,p<0.05)，而心理幸福感仍然維持一樣的解釋力(β=.54,p<0.001和β=.47,p<0.001)；並以Sobel test檢驗，中介效果的標準化效果量為0.216，且心理幸福感和家庭關係的交互作用不顯著。本研究結果試圖去呼應華人特有的家庭主義下的關係，會直接的影響到高齡者幸福感的建構，重要家人之間的家庭關係是老年人心理幸福感的重要來源。另外老人的自覺身體健康狀況是透過社會心理學的因素來影響的，在擁有足夠的心理資本下，最終的回饋到外顯的身體健康狀況上。在未來超高齡化的嚴峻挑戰之下，快樂的老人才能活得更健康，達到提高健康平均餘命的願景。

關鍵字

老年人；家庭關係；身體健康狀況；幸福感

並列摘要

Objective: This study examined the psychological well-being between family relationship and physical health.Despite the recognition of the importance of social support with family relationship, little theoreticalwork has been done that provides a conceptual framework for understandingthe relationships between psychological well-being and physical health. Try to explain the pathways between family relationahip,psychological well-being and physical health with elderly. Methods : Use secondary data from the pilot study ofHealth and Well-being in Taiwan(2015).Design by stratified sampling with Taiwan Social Change Survey. Collected data from fourprimaryadministrative district in Taiwan.162 participants were more than 65 years old.Participants mean age were 74.12 ±6.38 years old consists of46.9% men and 53.1% women. Results: Psychological well-being was a mediating effect between family relationship and physical health.Try to response the Familism in Chinese culture influencing the construction of well-being.The relationship with intimate family members is a important source with elderly.Besides,perceived physical health was impacted by social psychological factor.When elderly possess sufficient psychologicalcapital,it would give positive feedback in explicit physical condition.In facing the challenges of aging society,elderly should live happier to live longer.Reach the vision for healthy life expectancy.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； family relationship ； physical health ； Psychological well-being

參考文獻

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