大學生人格特質、自尊與心理幸福感之探討

本研究主要探討大學生之人格特質、自尊對於幸福感之影響。過去研究多著重單一研究變項，或兩兩變項間之探討，較少同時探討三變項之間的關聯性，以及自尊在人格特質與幸福感之間，扮演何種角色，故本研究將著重探討人格特質、自尊對於幸福感之影響。此外，過去文獻指出五大人格之外向性/正向情緒與幸福感之間有正相關；神經質/負向情緒與幸福感之間呈負相關，但過往文獻甚少探討謹慎性、開放性、友善性對幸福感之影響，因此本研究也將一併探討謹慎性、開放性、友善性對幸福感之影響。研究方法：初步從文獻蒐集，經過探討與篩選，擬定人格與自尊為研究之自變項，幸福感為研究之依變項，使用李仁豪副教授於102年中山醫學大學校內研究計畫資料庫之部分資料，分析大學生人格特質與自尊對幸福感之關聯。該資料庫對803名大學生進行橫斷式研究方法，以結構化紙本問卷進行採樣。本研究使用內容包含BFI人格量表44題版本中文版、Rosenberg’s自尊量表中文版、心理幸福感簡式中文量表18題版之資料。研究結果與討論：(一)外向性和幸福感有顯著正相關，神經質和幸福感有顯著負相關。(二)謹慎性、開放性、友善性和幸福感有顯著正相關。此外，MaCrae(1966)曾提到，開放性的重要性被低估，若將相關性高低依次排列，五大人格特質由高至低分別為：外向性，謹慎性，開放性，友善性，神經質。本研究發現五大人格特質中，開放性與幸福感之相關排行第三，僅略低於外向性與謹慎性，顯示與MaCrae之發現相同。本研究亦發現，謹慎性在五大人格特質中，與幸福感之相關排行第二，與過去研究相比，其重要性可能被低估。而過往文獻甚少探討的謹慎性、開放性、友善性對幸福感之影響，但本研究發現此三項與幸福感有高相關，甚至高於神經質之相關程度。(三) 幸福感和自尊有顯著正相關，即自尊程度能正向預測幸福感。(四) 自尊部分中介了開放性、謹慎性、外向性、友善性與幸福感間的關係；自尊完全中介神經質與幸福感間的關係。研究建議：(一)本研究證實人格可透過自尊來影響幸福感，因此可透過提升自尊程度，以降低人格特質為外向性低或神經質高者之幸福感減損。(二)研究樣本人數可提升或擴展至其他地區或學校，結果更能提升生態效度。(三)本研究為橫斷性研究，若加以縱貫性研究，可了解個體在不同時間上所呈現的差異，及演進變化性，以提供更具體且詳細之資料分析與建議。

關鍵字

五大人格；人格特質；自尊；幸福感；心理幸福感；大學生

並列摘要

This study mainly explores the impact of college students' personality traits and self-esteem on Psychological Well-Being. In the past, those study almost focused on the discussion between the two variables, and less on the correlation between the three variables, and how self-esteem work between personality traits and Psychological well-being. Therefore, this study will focus on the discussion on personality traits, self-esteem, and it’s relations with Psychological well-being of college students in Taiwan. Past literature points out that there is a positive correlation between the Extraversion /positive emotions and Psychological well-being; Neuroticism /negative emotions are negatively correlated with Psychological well-being, but the past literature rarely discusses Conscientiousness, Openness, and Agreeableness. So this study will also explore the impact of Conscientiousness, Openness, and Agreeableness on Psychological well-being. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant positive correlation between Extraversion and subjective well-being, and there was a significant negative correlation between neuroticism and Psychological well-being. As expected, the results were consistent with previous studies, and the hypothesis is supported. There is a significant positive correlation between Conscientiousness, Openness, Agreeableness and Psychological well-being, and the hypothesis is supported. In addition, MaCrae (1966) mentioned that the importance of openness is underestimated. Show the ranking of correlation between Psychological well-beingand five personality traits in order, extroversion, cautiousness, openness, friendliness, and neuroticism. This study found that among the five personality traits,openness were ranked third, only slightly lower than Extraversion and Conscientiousness, showing the same findings as MaCrae(1966). This study also found that Conscientiousness ranks second in terms of the correlation with Psychological well-being among the five personality traits, and its importance may be underestimated compared to past studies. However, the influence of Conscientiousness, openness, and Agreeableness on Psychological well-being is rarely discussed in the past literature, but this study found that these three items are highly correlated with Psychological well-being, and even higher than Neuroticism. (2) There is a significant positive correlation between psychological well-being and self-esteem, that is, the degree of self-esteem can positively predict psychological well-being. This result is consistent with the previous studies, the hypothesis is supported. (3) Self-esteem partially mediates the relationship between openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and subjective well-being; self-esteem completely mediates the relationship between neuroticism and psychological well-being, the hypothesis is supported.

並列關鍵字

Big-Five personality ； Personality traits ； Self-esteem ； Psychological well-being ； College students

參考文獻

楊中芳總校訂譯（1997）：性格與社會心理測量總覽（上）。台北：遠流出版。[Robinson, J. P., Shaver,P. R., & Wrightsman L. S. (1997). Measures of personality and social psychological attitude. SanDiego, CA: Academic Press.]