都市更新推動過程利害關係人互動模式之研究

都市更新於全球都市發展及提高環境之質與量扮演至關重要之角色，未來將持續為都市發展帶來重大變革。都市更新為集體行動過程，與許多複雜之公共議題相同，皆涉及利害關係人，其中，都市更新利害關係人之特質及其互動關係被視為政策和管理系統之關鍵因素，強調合理之利害關係人參與機制為推動可持續性都市更新之關鍵因素，亦為促進都市永續發展之重要路徑。本研究透過都市更新、利害關係人理論及更新利害關係人互動關係相關理論之文獻搜集、分析，並擇定更新範圍內土地所有權人、實施者、更新地區附近民眾及政府等利害關係人互動情形之個案實證研究進行分析，藉以探討影響都市更新利害關係人參與意願之因素，並對現行更新利害關係人之互動模式，提出建議。此外，盤整臺灣都市更新制度變遷過程發展脈絡，透過2019年都市更新制度變遷結果，以及雙北市推動更新過程成功之個案進行比較與修正後，提出可持續性都市更新利害關係人互動模式之建議。研究結果顯示，都市更新政策係從都市更新(Renew)、再利用(Reuse)、再發展(Redevelopment)、再生(Regeneration)到韌性(Resilience)城市至再郊區化(Re-suburbia)之6R發展過程；臺灣都市更新法制化過程與時俱進、滾動檢討，以滿足實務發展需求，另政府應正視影響利害關係人參與更新意願因素，藉以解決都市更新推動困境，而信任與互惠及合作等社會資本為都市更新推動過程不可或缺要件，因此，都市更新制度之設計應提高利害關係人合作關係，並降低政策威脅，最後，本研究提出可持續性都市更新利害關係人4個階段互動模式之政策建議。

關鍵字

都市更新推動過程；利害關係人；社會資本；外部效果；都市治理

並列摘要

Urban renewal projects have been considered vital to direct redevelopments and improve environments in both quality and quantity in global cities. Surely, it would be the critical method for reforming the cities. Similar to other strategies dealing with complicated public issues, the collective process in the renewal projects involves multiple stakeholders whose characters and interactions would particularly influence executions of public policy and management systems. Rational participations of stakeholders would play the central role for endorsing urban renewal plans, as well as leading to the sustainable development of cities. The current research conducted the empirical study to analyze the interactions among stakeholders, including land owners, project executers, residents in the surrounding areas, and governments engaging in the processing renewal projects based on literature reviews of urban renewal, stakeholder, and stakeholders’ interactive relationship relevant theories. It aimed to explore the factors influencing participations of stakeholders and to construct the interactive modules among stakeholder in the renewal projects. It would be able to provide important references for local governments to continuously promote the urban renewal policies. The research findings indicated that a stakeholder interaction module in sustainable urban renewal projects could be divided into four stages. First of all, after the executor initiated a new project after deliberation over development feasibility, land owners started engagement in the renewal game, and the residents in the surrounding areas would be influenced. Secondly, the conflicts among stakeholders were triggered by the affect reasons and the perceived trust failures, unfairness, and profit distribution issues during the negotiation process, leading to the hardship reaching consensus. Thirdly, the executer would manipulate personal characters of creditability, capability, integrity, and goodwill and attempt to find a trustful and reciprocal relationships in the communication process. Fourthly, it would end up with the mutual benefit and help between the executer and the landowner to pledge the collaboration. The residents would access the renewal mechanism and understand public purposes, and turn to support the project. The multiple-side wins would be secured in the renewal projects. This study shows that urban renewal policy is a 6R process-Renew, Reuse, Redevelopment, Regeneration, Resilience, and Re-suburbanization. Social capital, such as trust, reciprocity and cooperation, is indispensable to the urban renewal movement. Therefore, the design of urban renewal policy must focus on improvement of the cooperation among stakeholders and the reduction of policy threats. To meet the practical needs, the government's urban renewal policy should be regularly reviewed and updated. To overcome the resistance of urban renewal, it should also pay attention to factors that effect participation of stakeholders. At the end, this study proposes a four-stage model of stakeholder interactions that will facilitate sustainable urban renewal.