我國國民小學家長參與學校教育指標建構之研究

A Study on Construction of Parents Engagement Indicators of Elementary Schools in Taiwan

鄭來長(Cheng Lai-Chang)

指導教授 ： 秦夢群

國立政治大學/教育學院/教育學系/博士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202100532

摘要

家長參與教育在民主社會中已是不可逆的趨勢，先進國家都相當重視家長參與教育。大多數學者的研究也肯定家長參與學校教育對學生本人、家庭與學校，均有正向的影響。在我國，雖然相關教育法規中已有家長參與教育事務之條文，惟未見優質的家長參與學校教育衡量指標。本研究即在建立一套我國國民小學家長參與學校教育的衡量指標，以供學校及教育行政機關衡量家長參與學校教育實際情形的參考。
本研究採取文獻分析、焦點團體座談，以及德懷術問卷調查法進行研究。首先廣閱國內外相關文獻，蒐羅家長參與學校教育的可行作法，並據以擬訂一份半結構式問卷，作為焦點團體座談的基礎。再依據焦點團體座談參與者的意見，擬訂一份德懷術調查問卷。每一次問卷調查後，依據德懷術專家之意見修整原有問卷，總共進行三次德懷術問卷調查，最後形成我國國民小學家長參與學校教育衡量的層面與指標(包括6個層面以及40項指標)。為利於實際運用，採Likert五點量表方式，修整為一份檢核表。
本研究並提出建議，包括：運用檢核表以了解家長參與學校教育情況、對教育行政機關的建議、對學校的建議，以及對教師的建議。另外，亦提出進一步研究的建議。在運用檢核表以了解家長參與學校教育情況方面，係將六個層面與四十項指標轉變為Likert式五點量表，以作為教育行政機關與學校衡量家長參與學校教育實施情形的工具。在對教育行政機關的建議方面包括：(一)重視家長參與學校教育，(二)編列年度經費並訂定獎勵規定，(三)政府委託學術機構或團體辦理家長參與學校教育事務。在對學校建議方面，包括：(一)家長參與納入校務發展計畫中，(二)涉及家長參與的活動納入學年度行事曆，(三)運用檢核表以了解家長參與的實施效果。在對教師的建議方面，包括：(一)勇敢面對家長的參與，(二)妥善運用家長及社區資源。在進一步研究方面，建議：(一)建立各個層面及指標的權重，(二)進行表現常模的建立。

關鍵字

家長參與 ； 家長參與理論 ； 家長參與效果 ； 家長參與模式 ； 家長參與障礙 ； 家長參與因素

並列摘要

Parent engagement is an irreversible trend in a democratic society, and advanced countries attach great importance to parent engagement. Most scholars’ studies also affirm that parent engagement in school education has a positive impact on students, their families, and schools. In Taiwan, although there are provisions on parent engagement in educational affairs in relevant education regulations, there are no quality indicators for parents to engage in school education. This study aimed to establish a set of indicators for measuring parent engagement in school education in Taiwan elementary schools, so as to provide reference for schools and educational administrative agencies to measure the actual situation of parent engagement in school education.
This study adopts literature analysis, focus group discussion, and the questionnaire survey of Delphi technique. First, read the relevant domestic and foreign literature widely, collect the feasible practices of parent engagement in school education, and draw up a semi-structured questionnaire based on it, which will serve as the basis for the focus group discussion. Then, based on the opinions of the participants in the focus group discussion, a questionnaire was drawn up on the Delphi technique. After each questionnaire survey, the original questionnaire will be revised according to the opinions of the experts of Delphi technique, and a total of three questionnaire surveys on Delphi technique will be conducted. Finally, the dimensions and indicators (including 6 dimensions and 40 indicators) for the parent engagement of elementary schools are formed. In order to facilitate the practical application, the Likert five-point scale is adopted and modified into a checklist.
The research also makes suggestions, including: using checklists to understand the engagement of parents in school education, suggestions to educational administration agencies, schools, and teachers. In addition, suggestions for further research are also put forward. Regarding the use of checklists to understand parent engagement in school education, the department has transformed 6 dimensions and 40 indicators into a Likert five-point scale, which serves as a tool for education administration agencies and schools to measure parent engagement in school education. Suggestions for educational administrative agencies include: (a) attach importance to parent engagement in school education, (b) formulate annual funding and incentive regulations, and (c) government commission academic institutions or groups to handle parent engagement in school education affairs. The suggestions for schools include: (a) parent engagement is included in the school development plan, (b) activities involving parent engagement are included in the school calendar, and (c) checklists are used to understand the implementation effects of parent engagement. The suggestions for teachers include: (a) face the participation of parents bravely, and (b) properly use parent and community resources. In terms of further research, it is recommended: (a) establish the weights of dimensions and indicators, (b) establish performance norms.

並列關鍵字

Parent engagement ； Parent involvement ； Parent engagement theory ； Parent engagement effect ； Parent engagement model ； Parent engagement obstacle ； Parent engagement factor

參考文獻

一、中文部分

立法院公報(2008)，第97卷，第32期，委員會紀錄，10-11。

立法院公報(2008)，第97卷，第32期，委員會紀錄，20-21

那昇華、陳木金、洪毓琄(2015)。家長參與對學校經營的啟示。教師天地，197，27-33。

李淑芬(2002)。臺北市國民小學學生家長參與學校行政決定之研究[未發表之碩士論文]。國立台北師範學院國民教育研究所。