美中關係變遷對南海情勢發展之影響

The Impact of the Changes in US-China Relations on the Development of the South China Sea

陳怡璇(none)

指導教授 ： 劉復國

國立政治大學/國際事務學院/外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202001434

摘要

中國自1978年改革開放以來，經濟快速成長，2010年中國超越日本，成為僅次於美國的世界第二大經濟體，隨著中國經濟實力增長，綜合國力亦隨之提升，習近平在中國崛起的背景下上任，提出「中國夢」欲實踐中華民族的偉大復興，透過「一帶一路」拓展中國地緣政治影響力，持續引領中國崛起。隨後，非傳統政治人物川普當選美國總統，高喊「美國優先」，提出「印太戰略」抗衡中國擴張，同時，批評中國不公平貿易損害美國經濟利益，對中國發動「貿易戰」及「科技戰」，打擊中國經濟成長與5G網路科技發展，開啟美中新衝突型態。南海蘊藏豐富天然資源，亦為經貿運輸要道，川普以維護南海航行及航空自由權名義，強化美國在南海的軍事存在，意在抗衡中國在南沙群島島礁的軍事建設及兵力部署，嚇阻中國在南海的軍力擴張。2020年初，「新型冠狀病毒肺炎」從中國開始向世界蔓延，美國批評中國在疫情爆發初期隱匿疫情之嚴重性，最終導致疫情全球大流行，促使美中關係加速惡化，媒體甚至以「新冷戰」形容美中關係。

關鍵字

南海 ； 美中關係 ； 印太戰略 ； 一帶一路 ； 航行自由行動

並列摘要

Since China began to open up and reform its economy in 1978, China's economy has been growing rapidly. In 2010, China surpassed Japan to become the world’s second largest economy behind the United States. As China's economy grew rapidly, its overall national strength increased as well. Under the foundation of China’s rise, Xi Jinping proposed the “Chinese Dream” to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In order to expand China's geopolitical influence and lead the rise of China, China has been conducting its “Belt and Road Initiative”. Afterwards, non-traditional politician Donald Trump was elected President of the United States, claiming an "America first" policy and proposing an "Indo-Pacific strategy" to counter the rise of China. At the same time, he criticized China's unfair trade for damaging US economic interests and launched both a "trade war" and "technological war" against China to pull down on China's economic growth and 5G network technology development. This opened up a new type of conflict between the US and China. The South China Sea is rich in natural resources, and it is also an important economic and trade transportation route. Donald Trump has strengthened the US military presence in the South China Sea in the name of maintaining the freedom of navigation and aviation in the South China Sea. It is intended to counterbalance China's military construction and troop deployment in the islands and reefs of the Nansha Islands, as well as to deter China's military expansion in the South China Sea. In early 2020, the "COVID-19" epidemic began to spread from China to the world. The US criticized China for concealing the severity of the epidemic in the early stage of the outbreak, which eventually led to a global pandemic and accelerated the deterioration of US-China relations. The media even described US-China relations as the "new cold war".

並列關鍵字

South China Sea ； US-China relations ； Indo-Pacific Strategy ； the Belt and Road Initiative ； Freedom of Navigation Operation

參考文獻

壹、中文部分

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