美國專利侵權訴訟中專利無效程序與多方複審制度之比較研究

美國專利訴訟一直是國際專利訴訟的主要戰場，在2011年美國發明法(AIA)施行後，多方複審程序已成為專利侵權訴訟中，被告防禦的常用程序。由於多方複審程序兼具司法與行政的特性，且由美國專利審理暨訴願委員會(PTAB)所管轄，與聯邦法院專利訴訟中的專利無效程序形成判定專利有效性的雙軌制。由於二種制度的程序，時程與規定不同，其間又會交互影響，對於主體有時效規定，客體上也有禁反言規定，造成部分的衝突與競合。本論文藉由法規與制度的比較分析及搜集相關案例的解釋，以說明相關法規落實在實務上判決的應用，最後並提供當事人訴訟策略上的建議。

關鍵字

專利；多方複審程序；專利無效；專利侵權訴訟

並列摘要

US patent litigation has always been the main battlefield for international patent litigation. After the implementation of the American Inventions Act (AIA) in 2011, the Inter Partes Review(IPR) has become a common procedure for defendants in patent infringement litigation. Because IPR has both judicial and administrative characteristics, and is governed by the United States Patent Trial and Appeals Board (PTAB), it forms a dual-track system for determining the validity of patents with the patent invalidation process in patent litigation in the Federal Court. Because the procedures of the two systems are different in terms of schedules and regulations, there will be interactions between them. There are also estoppel regulations on the subject and the object, causing some conflicts and competition. This thesis uses comparative analysis of laws and regulations and collected relevant case explanations to explain the application of relevant laws and regulations in practical judgments, and finally provides suggestions on litigation strategies for the parties.