複數工會問題研究—以工會代表參與、 雇主中立義務與工會協商權為中心

自2011年工會法修訂後將原有之產業工會及職業工會兩種型態，再由企業工會細分出企業工會及產業工會等成為三種型態。加上後續2016年5月華航空服員罷工事件，更是由職業工會發起罷工首例，以上皆為引發本文討論複數工會的動機。在複數工會底下本文提出工會代表參與，雇主中立義務以及團體協商權等三個方向加以討論，希望透過問題討論，增進對複數工會的認識。本文先介紹複述工會型態及相關統計資料，並依序指出現今經常性出現的問題如勞動檢查陪同、勞工董事等法定工會代表參與機制，以及中立義務下雇主下會務設施提供、代扣工會費給等問題，在團體協商下團體協商代表資格等問題並藉由日本以及美國經驗作為借鏡。本文第一章說明研究方法及架構。在第二章將以介紹複數工會的類型說明工會種態樣所呈現的法定規範及其中差異。並舉出實例說明現存問題。第三章以法定的工會代表參與職責與功能，說明工會現在所能扮演的角色如勞資會議代表等五種工會代表。第四章以雇主中立義務為核心，說明複數工會的內涵及定義，在我國勞裁會援引那些日本法或美國法的學說見解及常見問題。第五章則以團體協商權為主軸說明複數工會下代表產生的法規命令為何及運作常見問題及案例，特別也以附論方式介紹2016年華航空服員罷工中最受爭議的禁搭便車條款作出個人的分析。最後則是綜合以上各章節的論述就本論文觀察複數工會問題後分析所作出的心得及提出個人的建議。

關鍵字

複數工會；雇主中立義務；不當勞動行為；團體協商

並列摘要

Since the revision of the Trade Union Law in 2011, the original industrial unions and craft unions have become two types, and the industrial unions have been divided into corporate unions and industrial unions into three types. In addition to the follow-up incident of the China-Airlines of cabin attendants in May 2016, the first case was initiated by the craft unions. All of the above are the motivations for the discussion of the plural trade unions in this article. Under the plural trade unions, this paper proposes the participation of trade union representatives, employer neutrality obligations and collective Bargaining, and hopes to raise awareness of the plural trade unions through discussion of issues. This article first introduces the re-distribution of trade union patterns and related statistical data, and refers to the frequent occurrence of problems such as labor inspection, labor union directors and other statutory trade union representatives' participation mechanisms, and neutral obligations under the employer's meeting facilities, withholding union monthly fees. Give questions such as the qualifications of union representatives under collective bargaining and use the experience of Japan and the United States as a mirror. The first chapter of this paper describes the research methods and architecture. In the second chapter, the types of unions will be introduced to describe the legal norms presented by the unions and their differences. And give examples to illustrate existing problems. The third chapter takes the legal trade union representatives to participate in duties and functions, and explains the roles that the trade union can play now, such as representatives of labor unions and other five trade union representatives. The fourth chapter focuses on the neutrality of employers and explains the connotation and definition of plural trade unions. In our labor camp, the doctrines and common problems of Japanese law or American law are invoked. The fifth chapter uses the right of collective bargaining as the main axis to explain the reasons and the common problems and cases of the legal orders generated by the representatives of the Plural trade unions. In particular, it also introduces the most controversial prohibited plural Trade union rides in the strike of cabin crew of China-Airlines in 2016. Finally, it is a synthesis of the above chapters to discuss the experience of the analysis of the complex trade union issues and make personal recommendations.