農業、水庫與高山開發:戰後梨山聚落的發展與環境變遷

本研究主題戰後梨山地區產業從1956年中橫公路的開築與1957年福壽山農場的成立展開，透過中橫交通運輸帶動整個梨山產業動能，因梨山地區地理位置優越，擁有適合種植落葉果樹的氣候，福壽山農場進口落葉果苗和引入栽培技術有成後成為果樹種植示範農場，並且輸出技術與知識給予當地居民刺激梨山溫帶水果整體產業發展，使得梨山地區在1970年代迎來果樹產業的高峰。因梨山地區位處於大甲溪上游，與整條大甲溪和上中游處的德基水庫有密切關係，是以從德基水庫的修建工程去討論，延伸到整個高山水電事業對於環境的影響，內容包括大甲溪景觀改變與水土保持問題。再來討論1980年代後高山開發觀念的轉變，因梨山的環境問題在此時隨社會環境逐漸開放，社會運動蓬勃之背景被報章雜誌提出，先以討論受到社會運動和政策影響的梨山農業轉型和梨山的觀光業，再來是針對梨山地區的環境問題，運用《聯合報》此單一報紙做統計綜合分析，以突破法令與政策的侷限性。本文以梳理梨山開發過程到環境運動進以呈現政策與地方社會的互動，從開拓到資源利用，隨社會訴求到政策改變，再到後期政策法令開始偏向環境生態保護和永續經營的觀念轉變，呈現變動之關係，進以了解梨山地區在戰後的環境變遷。

關鍵字

梨山；福壽山農場；德基水庫；高山開發；環境變遷

並列摘要

This study investigates the construction of the Central Cross-Island Highway in 1956 and the establishment of the Fushoushan Farm in 1957 for the Lishan area after the World War II. The whole development in Lishan was driven through the transportation of Zhongheng. Since the climate is suitable for planting deciduous fruit trees, Fushoushan Farm has successfully imported deciduous fruit seedlings and introduced cultivating technology to become a fruit tree planting demonstration farm. Hereafter, Fushoushan Farm transfers technology and knowledge to local residents to stimulate the overall development of the temperate fruit horticulture and reach the peak of the fruit tree industry in Lishan in 1970. Since Lishan is located in the upper areas of Dajia Valley, it is closely related to the entire Dajia River and the Deji Reservoir located in middle of Dajia River. Therefore, to discuss the environmental impact of the high mountain hydropower issues of Dajia River including landscape changes and soil and water conservancy is concerned after the 1980s. The background of the vigorous social movement was put forward by newspapers and magazines because the environmental problems of Lishan gradually opened up with the social environment during this period. For these reasons, firstly, we discuss the transformation of agriculture and tourism industry affected by social movements and policies in Lishan. we then implement the statistical comprehensive analysis of the environmental problems in the Lishan area to break the limitations of laws and policies by using the newspaper of “United Daily News”. This study sorts out and presents the interaction between policies and local society about the development and environmental movement process of Lishan. The framework demonstrates the development, resource utilization, social demands and policy changes regarding the concept of environmental protection and sustainable management in the Lishan area after the World War II.