隱私的哲學探究

Privacy and Ethics: A Philosophical Study

游宜庭(Yu Yi-Ting)

指導教授 ： 鄭光明

國立政治大學/文學院/哲學系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202201528

摘要

「隱私」和個人在社會中的生活息息相關，是一個經常被使用於劃清個人或是小團體與大群體間的界限的詞彙。然而，無論是在哲學亦或是法學當中，皆沒有一個對隱私的決定性定義。本文旨在探討「隱私」在哲學討論中的不同面向，以釐清此概念在不同情境之下的意義，並試圖提出將「倫理（ethics）」作為隱私權是否適用在特定情境中的依據。
本文對隱私的討論將區分為三大面向：
一、隱私的描述性與規範性意義。
二、隱私在物質與心理層面上的行使。
三、隱私於個人與社會之關係。
透過此一區分，本文試圖論證「隱私」作為一個概念與「隱私權」之間的關聯，以及論證隱私乃個人作為獨立個體而存在不可或缺的要素。同時，本文欲引進「倫理」作為判斷特定情況下個人是否享有隱私權的依據。透過提出此一評判依據，筆者期望能夠對隱私在哲學中的討論以及其應用有所貢獻。

關鍵字

隱私 ； 倫理 ； 隱私權 ； 描述義隱私 ； 規範義隱私

並列摘要

“Privacy” as a term is closely related to our everyday life, often used when one is in need of a space isolated from the larger part of the society. However, when it comes to its discussion, there is yet a consensus as to the definition of privacy and the realm it covers. This thesis aims to draw an outline of privacy in its philosophical discussion, and put forward three aspects that privacy considers, namely:
1. The descriptive and normative interests of privacy
2. The physical and psychological aspect of privacy
3. The social and personal approach to privacy
Through such distinctions, this thesis aims to draw the link between “privacy” and “privacy rights”. Furthermore, this thesis aims to introduce “ethics” into the discussion of privacy in order to set a criterion for privacy-applicable situations. With ethics, this thesis would like to contribute to the application of privacy, both as a philosophical concept and as a legal one.

並列關鍵字

Privacy ； Privacy rights ； Ethics ； Morals

參考文獻

Allen, Anita L. (2003). Why Privacy Isn't Everything. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

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Levy, K., Schneier, B. (2020). Privacy threats in intimate relationships. Journal of Cybersecurity, 6(1). doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyaa006

Locke, J. (2016). Second Treatise of Government and a Letter Concerning Toleration. Goldie, M. (Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.