台北市公共自行車使用之空間分析與完整街道改善策略應用

近年來，由於全球市場受到金融海嘯、歐債危機的衝擊，共享經濟 (sharing economy)的概念以新創的模式在世界各地崛起，而其中共享機動性(shared mobility)包含：汽車分享(car sharing)、汽車共乘(ride sharing)、自行車共享(bike sharing)等系統，具備提供了多樣化的交通選擇、延伸大眾運輸服務範圍，提升都市整體機動性等特性，被視為解決交通、環境問題的有效方式，因此在全球各大城市廣泛發展。然而過去我國之交通環境規劃皆是以機動車為規劃的對象與主體，在共享機動性運具使用者不斷增加的情形下，缺乏對於新型態運具使用者之保障。為考量此種新型態運具的使用，並提供不同運具使用者安全且平等的道路使用權利，本研究以台北市公共自行車YouBike系統為研究對象，藉由系統租借大數據資料的分析，了解不同時段、區位條件下各租借站點的使用情形，探討此種共享機動性在都市中不同時間的分布情形，以及其與都市土地使用之關聯，並研提街道改善策略。研究結果顯示：台北市公共自行車使用之空間分布情形，無論於平日、假日中的各時段皆相似，主要集中於信義區、大安區與中正區等地區，另外，捷運場站周邊之租借站亦有較高使用量的分布；進一步以熱點分析判別台北市公共自行車使用於空間中之群聚行為，發現台北市公共自行車的使用熱區位在信義區、大安區與中正區等行政區，而使用冷區則位於文山區和內湖區。接著，針對公共自行車租借站使用型態進行群落分析，將使用型態分為四類，並與土地使用、運輸場站等進行疊圖分析後，瞭解公共自行車使用與都市土地使用之關聯性。最後，則依據各項實證分析結果，選定臺灣大學周邊以及信義商圈一帶為公共自行車熱門騎乘區域，透過路徑分析針對兩區域內之租借站點間騎乘路徑進行推估，經由現地勘查並歸納後，發現這些地區普遍人行空間狹小，對於行人、自行車騎士等非機動運具使用者並不友善，難以提供各種用路族群安全且平等的出行權利，因此應用完整街道(complete street)規劃理念，進而提出街道改善策略，以供未來機動性規劃與街道設計之參考。

關鍵字

共享機動性；公共自行車系統；空間分析；完整街道

並列摘要

Due to the Financial crisis and European debt crisis in recent years, the concept of sharing economy has risen around the world. Among them, shared mobility includes: car sharing, ride sharing and bike sharing, has been widely developed in major cities around the world, since it provides diverse transportation options, extends the public transportation services,and enhances the mobility of the city. It was considered as the solution of traffic and environmental problems. However, the traffic environment planning in Taiwan was based on motor vehicle, when the users of shared mobility increased, in order to consider the use of this new type of vehicle and provide safe and equal Right-of-Way for users of different carriers, it was required to get insights into the service condition of shared mobility. This study analyzed the rental data of YouBike system in Taipei from 2013-May,2017, to understand the use of each station under different periods and location, explore the distribution of such shared mobility in city and the association with urban land use, and to propose the street improvement strategies. The results show that the spatial distribution of public bicycle use in Taipei City is similar in the weekdays and weekends, mainly in Xinyi District, Daan District, and Zhongzheng District. In addition, the hotspot analysis was used to determine the clustering behavior, and found that the hot zone for the use of public bicycles is in Xinyi District, Daan District and Zhongzheng District; the cold zone is located in Wenshan District and Neihu District. Then, we classified four rental types of public bicycle stations and overlayed the results with land use and transportation nodes to understand the relevance of public bicycle use and urban land use. According to the results of empirical analysis, the area surround Taiwan University and the Xinyi Commercial Area were selected as popular cycling areas for public bikes. After site inventoried, it was found that the pedestrian space is not enough and not friendly for pedestrians and bicycle riders, and hard to provide safe and equal rights for various road users. Therefore, this study applies the concept of complete streets planning, then proposes street improvement strategies for future reference in mobility planning and street design