中國大陸智慧財產懲罰性賠償立法與司法適用研究

隨著經濟全球化與信息化日新月異，數字與智能為全球經濟帶來新的活力，智慧財產價值日益凸顯，對智慧財產權的保護也越來越受到重視。中國大陸自2013年起逐步在商標法等智慧財產權專門法中引入起源於英美法系的懲罰性賠償制度，2021年1月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國民法典》1185條正式確立了智慧財產領域懲罰性賠償的原則性規定，同年3月，最高人民法院發佈司法解釋及指導案例，細化智慧財產民事案件中懲罰性賠償的司法認定及適用。本論文聚焦於中國大陸智慧財產領域懲罰性賠償的立法進展及司法適用。立法層面，梳理民法典、各智慧財產專門法中，智慧財產懲罰性賠償制度的歷史沿革及現存有效的具体規定。司法適用層面，介紹司法解釋與指導案例對各級法院適用懲罰性賠償的指引，同時從多個角度對現有懲罰性賠償判決做統計研究。在前述立法與司法適用研究的基礎上，本文將分析與總結立法可能存在的不足、司法適用的現狀與問題，探討如何平衡懲罰性賠償與法定賠償、如何確定懲罰性賠償倍數與侵權情節嚴重程度之對應關係，並提出相關建議，以期助力懲罰性賠償制度實施、更好地實現懲罰性賠償立法目的。

關鍵字

智慧財產侵權；懲罰性賠償；法定賠償；故意；情節嚴重

並列摘要

With the rapid development of economic globalization and informatization, the value of intellectual property has become increasingly prominent. Correspondingly, the protection of intellectual property rights has been paid more and more attention. Since 2013, mainland China has gradually introduced the punitive damages system, which is originated from the common law, into the trademark law and other intellectual property laws.Recently, Article 1185 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China implemented on January 1, 2021, officially established the principle regulations on punitive damages in the field of intellectual property laws. In March of the same year, In order to refine the judicial application of punitive damages in civil cases of intellectual property, the Supreme People's Court issued judicial interpretation and guidance cases. This paper focuses on the legislative progress and judicial application of punitive damages in the field of intellectual property in mainland China. In the legislative part, this paper examines the historical evolution and existing effective specific provisions of the punitive damages system under the civil code and intellectual property laws. In the part of judicial application, it introduces and analyzes the content of judicial interpretation and guidance cases on the application of punitive damages, and makes statistical research on the existing punitive damages judgments from different points of view. On the basis of the aforementioned research on legislation and judicial application, this paper analyzes and summarizes the possible shortcomings of legislation, the current situation and problems of judicial application, then discusses how to balance punitive damages and statutory damages, and how to determine the corresponding relationship between the multiple of punitive damages and the severity of infringement. From above, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions in order to help the implementation of punitive damages system.