從成功老化觀點探討樂齡族資訊需求與公共圖書館服務：以臺北市與臺南市為例

臺灣2018年正式進入「高齡社會」，其影響也造成各地公共圖書館無法忽視中高齡族群的需求，因此近些年逐漸提供諸多圖書館樂齡服務，以55歲以上民眾為主要服務對象，稱之為「樂齡族」，藉由圖書館本身之資源等特色進行服務。但目前仍較缺乏以老年學、老化過程等觀點作為出發加以檢視圖書館樂齡服務成效，因此本研究以「成功老化」觀點作為出發，具以下四點研究目的：（1）探討樂齡族老年生活變化與對理想成功老化生活之認知。（2）探討樂齡族資訊需求與公共圖書館服務提供方式和使用之關係。（3）探索成功老化與公共圖書館服務之關係，檢析對樂齡族老化過程之效益與輔助，並了解樂齡族利用圖書館服務支持成功老化之模式。（4）比較臺北市與臺南市立公共圖書館樂齡服務使用與支持成功老化之差異，並提出相關未來建議。本研究所討論之圖書館樂齡服務共包含五個層面：（1）館藏與資訊服務。（2）推廣活動。（3）空間設備。（4）館員。（5）社區分析與夥伴關係。研究對象為深度使用臺北市立圖書館或臺南市立圖書館的樂齡族，並輔以館方意見以達分析完整性，主要採行深度訪談法、輔助個案研究法，參考相關文獻與前測後完成主要研究工具「樂齡族訪談大綱」、共涵蓋五個單元，以及次要研究工具「館員訪談大綱」與「基本資料調查問卷」，訪談完成北市圖樂齡族12名、南市圖樂齡族13名、兩地館方各兩名，共計29位的受訪者。本研究共得以下四個主要結論：（1）樂齡族出現各層面轉變或老化情形，並對理想成功老化老年生活有其認知與特殊需求，扣合成功老化概念四核心而主要重視身心健康要求。（2）樂齡族有其偏好之資訊需求類別與圖書館服務內容，而北市圖與南市圖館方皆為其量身提供許多圖書館樂齡服務，並且樂齡族在使用後可滿足其資訊需求。（3）圖書館樂齡服務之館藏與資訊服務、推廣活動、館員三方面能提供樂齡族於成功老化四核心與其他老年生活助益之支持，與個人和其他機構兩種手段成為輔助其邁向成功老化目標的互補關係。（4）圖書館樂齡服務五面向在提供層面上，北市圖與南市圖館方具部分異同，並且兩地樂齡族具有些微圖書館利用偏好差異，推廣活動參與程度成為兩地圖書館樂齡服務支持成功老化程度差異之主因。根據本研究整體研究結果，建構出「樂齡族利用公共圖書館邁向成功老化之路徑圖」，具個人、公共圖書館、其他機構三種達到成功老化之途徑。並對我國公共圖書館實務、圖書資訊學界、北市圖與南市圖提出以下七點建議：（1）建置樂齡族適合館藏資源清單並定期更換專屬區域資源或策展，增加樂齡專區吸引性與使用率。（2）於圖書館網站建置樂齡族專區，彙整並公告年度活動與所有資訊，促進樂齡族間之意見與資源分享。（3）重視公共圖書館樂齡族推廣活動的長期性經營與舉辦，並在演講、課程、相關活動中廣納樂齡族需求之興趣主題，促進其成功老化。（4）將實體館藏資源主動散播至圖書館外、加強整體自動化，以便有效利用空間，館員得以從事更多創意性業務。（5）持續與政府、地方老年相關單位合作，使衛生局或社工定期進駐圖書館提供跨機構服務，更加重視「社會服務」功能，並向外擴大宣傳圖書館樂齡服務。（6）臺北市立圖書館可考慮於每個分館增設樂齡專區，全面推動樂齡讀者服務；臺南市立圖書館增強樂齡族之推廣活動舉辦。（7）建立圖書館樂齡服務綱要，並舉行館員老年知識相關培訓。

關鍵字

成功老化；樂齡族；資訊需求；公共圖書館；圖書館樂齡服務

並列摘要

Taiwan has entered the "aged society" in 2018, and its influence has also caused the public libraries can’t ignore the needs of the seniors. In recent years, public library services have been gradually improved, and take the people who over 55 years old as the main target service group. It is called " older adults" and is serviced by the resources of the library itself. However, there is still a lack of gerontology or aging processes-based perspective to examine the effectiveness of the library services. Therefore, this study bases on the perspective of "successful aging" and has the following four research purposes: (1) Exploring aging changes in the life of the older adults and their understanding of the ideal aging life. (2) To explore the relationship between the information needs of older adults and the way to service and to use of public library services. (3) Exploring the relationship between successful aging and public library services, analyzing the benefits and assistance to the aging process of older adults, and understanding the patterns of older adults using library services to support successful aging. (4) Compare the differences between Taipei and Tainan Public Libraries. The library services to older adults in this study consist of five levels: (1) Collections and information services. (2) Programming. (3) Space and facilities. (4) Librarians. (5) Community analysis and partnership. The research object is the older adult who is in-depth use of Taipei Public Libraries or the Tainan Public Libraries, supplemented by the opinions of the librarians to achieve the integrity of the analysis, mainly using in-depth interviews, assisted case studies. According to relevant literature and pre-test, the main research tool " Older Adults Interview Outline ", as well as a secondary research tool "Librarian Interview Outline" and "Basic Information Questionnaire" are completed. The interview consisted of 12 elderly people in Taipei City and 13 in Tainan City. There are also two librarians in each of these two places, with a total of 29 respondents. This study has the following four main conclusions: (1) The older adults have changed and been ageing at various levels, and have special needs for the ideal successful aging progress, and the four cores of the successful aging concept are mainly pay attention to physical and mental health requirements. (2) The older adults have their own information needs and preferred library services. While Taipei Public Libraries and Tainan Public Libraries provide them suitable library services, the older adults could meet their information needs after use. (3) The library services to older adults including collections, programming, and librarians can provide support for seniors in achieving the four aims of successful aging and getting other assistance, and with individuals and other institutions two additional ways to satisfy their aging goals. (4) The library services to older adults have some similarities and differences in Taipei public libraries and Tainan public libraries, and the seniors of the two places have some differences in the use preferences of libraries services. According to the analysis, the degree of participation in programming has become the main cause of the difference in the degree of successful aging support of the library services between the two cities. Based on the overall research results of this study, the path map “Older Adults' Guide to the Use of Public Libraries to Achieve Successful Aging” was constructed, which has three ways for individuals, public libraries, and other institutions to achieve successful aging. The following seven suggestions are proposed for the public libraries, the library and information science studies community, Taipei Public Libraries and Tainan Public Libraries: (1) Build a list of suitable resources for the older adults and regularly change books or curations to increase the attractiveness and usage rate of senior learning space. (2) Establish an older adults’ area on the library website, organize and make annual activities and all information online in order to promote the sharing of opinions and resources among senior citizens. (3) Pay attention to the long-term management and organization of the public library senior programming, and enrich the interest theme of the needs of older adults in speeches, courses and related activities to promote their successful aging. (4) Proactively disseminate the physical collection resources to the outside of the library and strengthen the overall automation, so as to effectively use the library space and then librarians can engage in more creative business. (5) Continue to cooperate with the government and local old-age related organizations to enable the department of health or social workers to regularly enter the library to provide cross-institutional services. Pay more attention to the "social services" function, and expand the promotion of library services to older adults. (6) Taipei Public Libraries may consider the addition of an old adults learning space to each branch to promote the service of seniors. Then Tainan Public Libraries should promote more programs of older adults. (7) Establish a guideline of the library services to older adults and hold related training about aging knowledge for the librarians.