成年初顯期子女知覺父母教養方式、自我分化程度與親職化情形之關聯性研究

本研究旨在瞭解成年初顯期子女知覺之父母教養方式、自我分化程度與親職化情形之關聯性,研究工具包含「父母教養方式量表」、「自我分化量表」與「親職化量表」,以網路問卷蒐集 425 份 18 ~ 25 歲個體為研究樣本,將調查所得資料以描述統計、 t 考驗、皮爾森積差相關分析、ANOVA 單因子變異數分析、階層式線性迴歸分析之統計方法進行資料的分析。本研究之主要發現如下: 一、成年初顯期子女知覺到最多的父母教養方式類型為忽視冷漠教養類型,其次是民主威信教養類型;父親與母親之要求層面均高於回應層面。二、子女之自我分化程度約為略低於中等之程度,在各分層面上,「我位置」略高於中等之程度,「情緒化反應」、「情緒截斷」以及「與他人融合」的情形皆多於中等之程度。三、子女之親職化情形為低於中等之程度。在各分層面中,最多的為「情感性照顧」分層面。四、不同性別之成年初顯期子女在自我分化上具有顯著差異,生理男性之自我分化程度顯著高於生理女性之自我分化程度。五、成年初顯期子女知覺之「父母教養方式」、「親職化整體以及部分分層面」、以及「自我分化整體以及部分分層面」兩兩之間皆具有顯著相關存在。六、自我分化在父母教養方式與親職化的關係中具部分中介效果。最後,根據以上研究結果,本研究提出對成年初顯期子女、父母、諮商實務相關工作者及未來研究之建議,以供參考。

關鍵字

成年初顯期；父母教養方式；自我分化；親職化

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among the parenting style, self differentiation and parentification in emerging adulthood. The measurements applied in this study included the Parenting Style Scale, the Differentiation of Self Inventory and the Parentification Scale. Researcher recruited 425 individuals aged 18 to 25 as the research sample by using the internet questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The main findings of this study were as followings: 1. Most of the emerging adults perceived their parents using the neglecting parenting style with them, while the second most adopted style by parents was the authoritative parenting style.In terms of levels of parenting style, the level of demanding was higher than the level of responding. Mothers’ demanding and responding were more than fathers’. 2. The self differentiation degree of emerging adults was average toward negative. The _I-position was average toward positive.The emotional reactivity, emotional cutoff, fusion with others were more than average. 3. The parentification degree of emerging adults was average toward negative. Among the various levels of the parentification, the emotional caregiving were average toward positive, perceived unfairness was average toward negative. The most the emerging adults gave their parents were the emotional caregiving. VI 4. Males and females were statistically significant in terms of levels of self differentiation. Males’ self differentiation were significantly higher than females’ self differentiation. Among the various levels of self differentiation, different genders have no significant differences in terms of emotional cutoff. Other levels include: emotional reactivity and fusion with others, males are significantly less then the females. Males’ I-position were significantly higher than females’. 5. There were significant correlations between parenting style and self differentiation, parenting style and parentification, self differentiation and parentification. 6. Some parenting styles have a significant impact on parentification. 7. Fathers’ demand, mothers’ demand and self differentiation could effectively predict parentification. Self differentiation had partial mediation between parenting style and parentification. According to the findings above, this study provided some suggestions for emerging adults, counselors, parents and the future researchers.