大學生運動參與與壓力因應之關係研究-心理資本的中介效果

本研究旨在探討大學生「運動參與」、「心理資本」與「壓力因應」之間的關係，同時也欲瞭解「心理資本」是否能作為「運動參與」與「壓力因應」之中介變項。研究以280位大學生為研究對象，採問卷調查法，研究工具包含「運動參與問卷」、「心理資本量表」、「簡明因應量表」為研究工具，並經描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、皮爾森積差相關、迴歸分析等統計方法分析資料，研究分析結果如下： 1. 在描述性統計結果中發現，大學生運動參與程度低者為數較多，而每週運動次數落在每週2次至3次之間，平均每次運動的持續時間落在31至90分鐘之間，平均運動強度介於輕鬆至有點疲累。大學生每次運動強度、時間尚充足，但頻率較低。 2. 不同性別大學生在「運動參與」、「運動頻率」與「運動持續時間」有顯著差異，男大生在「運動參與」、「運動頻率」與「運動持續時間」得分上顯著高於女大生；不同性別之大學生在「心理資本」上有顯著差異，男大生之得分顯著高於女大生。 3. 大學生「運動參與」與「心理資本」之間有顯著正相關；「運動持續時間」與「心理資本」有顯著正相關。 4. 大學生「運動持續時間」與「趨近因應」之間有顯著正相關；「運動平均強度」與「逃避因應」之間有顯著負相關。 5. 大學生「心理資本」與「趨近因應」之間有顯著正相關。 6. 「心理資本」對「運動持續時間」及「趨近因應」之間的關係，具有完全中介效果。本研究根據上述研究結果進行討論，並針對未來研究方向及實務現場提出建議。

關鍵字

運動參與；心理資本；壓力因應

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exercise participation, psychological capital, and stress coping among college students. In addition, The study also aimed to test the mediating effect of psychological capital on exercise participation and stress coping as well. In this study, the participants were 280 college students. The data were collected by questionnaires, including “Exercise Participation Scale”, “Psychological Capital Scale” and “Brief COPE”. Moreover, the collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Pearsons’s correlation, and regression analysis. And the findings were summarized as follows: 1. Descriptive statistics indicated that there were more students with low scores in exercise participation. The average of exercise frequency was 2-3 times per week. The average of exercise duration was 31-90 mins, and exercise intensity was between easy and a little tired. Which means that the exercise intensity and duration of college students were sufficient, but the exercise frequency was relatively low. 2. Different genders of the testing have significant differences on exercise participation, exercise frequency and exercise intensity. Male students’ scores were higher than females’; on the other hand, different genders of the testing have significant differences in psychological capital, Male students’ scores were higher than females’. 3. The results suggested that exercise participation had a significant positive relationship with the psychological capital; The exercise duration had a significant positive relationship with the psychological capital. 4. The exercise duration had a significant positive relationship with the approach coping; The exercise intensity had a significant negative relationship with avoidance coping. 5. The result showed that the psychological capital had a significant positive relationship with the approach coping. 6. Psychological capital play full mediator role for exercise duration to approach coping. Based on these findings, the advanced discussions and several suggestions were proposed for future studies.