家庭背景與親子關係對青少年學業成績與憂鬱情緒之影響

本文探討在青少年時期，不同的家庭背景與親子關係會如何影響青少年的學業成績與憂鬱情緒，在國三與高三又會有什麼差異，並進一步探討家庭背景與親子關係兩者間是否會強化或者削弱另一變項對青少年的影響。本文研究資料來自「台灣青少年成長歷程研究計畫」（TYP），使用其中國一樣本的第三波（2002年3月）、第四波（2002年10月）與第六波（2005年）的青少年問卷及第三波（2002年）與第六波（2005年）的家長問卷作為分析樣本，以家庭背景與親子關係作為解釋變數，探討其與以下兩種被解釋變數──青少年的學業成績、憂鬱情緒之間的相關性，並以最小平方法及固定效果模型進行資料分析。　本文發現家庭背景在國三與高三都與青少年學業成績有正相關，親子關係只在國三時與學業成績呈現正相關，但對憂鬱情緒的改善則在兩個時期皆為正相關；家庭背景與親子關係兩者間，並不存在統計上顯著之交互作用。除了家庭背景與親子關係外，性別、家庭結構、學校所在地、青少年健康狀況皆與青少年的學業成績及憂鬱情緒相關。

關鍵字

家庭背景；親子關係；學業成績；憂鬱情緒；量化研究

並列摘要

This thesis focuses on the effects of family background and parent-child relationship on adolescents’ educational outcomes and depression in junior high school and senior high school. We also explore whether family background and parent-child relationship will strengthen or weaken the impact of the other variable on adolescents. The research data come from the Taiwan Youth Project (TYP). This thesis uses the third wave (March 2002), the fourth wave (October 2002) and the sixth wave (2005) of adolescent surveys and uses the third wave (2002) and sixth wave (2005) of parent surveys. To explore the correlation between family background and parent-child relationship on educational outcomes and depression, we use ordinary least squares model and fixed-effects model for statistical analyses. This thesis finds that there is a positive correlation between family background and adolescents’ educational outcomes in both junior high school and senior high school. Parent-child relationship is only positive correlated with educational outcomes in junior high school, but the positive correlation with depression exists in both time periods. There is no statistically significant interaction effect between family background and parent-child relationship. Other variables, such as gender, family structure, school location, and health status, are also related to adolescents’ educational outcomes and depression.